Capture lane

Civil Rights Suppression

The Civil Rights Suppression capture lane traces 355 verified events documenting this mechanism of institutional capture.

355 events From Mar 26, 1790 To Aug 30, 2026 Open in filter view →
Top 10 actors in this lane 10 actors · 1142–2026
Top actors in Civil Rights Suppression114511501155116011651170117511801185119011951200120512101215122012251230123512401245125012551260126512701275128012851290129513001305131013151320132513301335134013451350135513601365137013751380138513901395140014051410141514201425143014351440144514501455146014651470147514801485149014951500150515101515152015251530153515401545155015551560156515701575158015851590159516001605161016151620162516301635164016451650165516601665167016751680168516901695170017051710171517201725173017351740174517501755176017651770177517801785179017951800180518101815182018251830183518401845185018551860186518701875188018851890189519001905191019151920192519301935194019451950195519601965197019751980198519901995200020052010201520202025WatergateReaganIran-Contra9/11Citizens UnitedTrump 1.0Trump 2.0Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)159 eventsDonald Trump1452 eventsDHS (Department of Homeland Security)65 eventsDepartment of Justice355 eventsImmigration and Naturalization ServiceKristi Noem103 eventsU.S. Supreme Court156 eventsPam Bondi167 eventsAmerican Civil Liberties UnionJ. Edgar Hoover
Capture lanecorruptiondemocraticexecutivefinancialintelligencejudiciallaborlegislativemediamilitaryotherregulatory Status confirmed alleged disputed
DateEventLanesStatus
2026-08-30ICE's Own Roster (As of Aug. 30, 2026) Shows Kentucky at 55 287(g) MOAs Across 53 Agencies — Growth Is Voluntary-Plus-Financial-Incentive, Not the Failed Legislative Mandate 7 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
confirmed
2026-08-20Church Plaintiffs File Non-Compliance Motion Against DHS, Attaching a Whipple Shield ROI Documenting an Undercover Agent Inside University Baptist Church 2 src
Department of Homeland Security · Homeland Security Investigations · Katherine Wespetal · Hakan Catalan
confirmed
2026-08-13The Motion Behind the Exhibits: HSI Agent Desmond Garcia Told the Grand Jury No One Is Investigated for First Amendment Activity 1 src
Isaac Sant · Kevin Riach · Homeland Security Investigations · Patrick Schiltz
confirmed
2026-07-06David Streever Sues DHS Secretary Mullin Over ICE 'Warning Notice' Served on His Wife for a Critical Email — Same-Day Second Notice to Syracuse's Paigelynne Gonyea, Two Documented Instances 9 src
Markwayne Mullin · Todd Lyons · U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement · U.S. Department of Homeland Security
confirmed
2026-06-16Minnesota US Attorney Indicts 15 Members of Direct Action Minnesota, Alleging Antifa Ties, Invoking NSPM-7 10 src
Daniel Rosen · Department of Justice · Department of Homeland Security · Homeland Security Investigations · +1
confirmed
2026-06-10FBI Raids Ypsilanti and Three States, Unseals 63-Page Indictment Charging Eight Pro-Palestinian Activists Tied to University of Michigan 7 src
Federal Bureau of Investigation · Kash Patel · University of Michigan
confirmed
2026-05-16Santa Fe New Mexican Court Reporter Phaedra Haywood Surfaces Wormuth-Ellison-Skinner Legal Architecture and Criminal-Information Workaround in NDA Trespass Coverage 2 src confirmed
2026-05-13ACLU Files Federal Lawsuit Against Memphis Safe Task Force Alleging Pattern of First Amendment Retaliation Against Civilians Recording Federal Immigration Enforcement 5 src
American Civil Liberties Union · Todd Blanche · Department of Homeland Security · Immigration and Customs Enforcement · +5
confirmed
2026-04-28Sen. Blackburn (Graham Cosponsor) Introduces 287(g) Expansion Act (S. 4405) — A Funding Incentive, Not a Federal Companion to SC's Mandatory H.4764 6 src
Lindsey Graham
confirmed
2026-04-21ACLU of New Mexico Publishes 'The Invisible Military Bases at the Border' Report Documenting 4,600+ Federal Trespass Cases and 109,651 Acres of National Defense Areas in NM Alone 2 src
U.S. Department of Defense
confirmed
2026-04-16Hennepin County Attorney Mary Moriarty Charges ICE Agent Gregory Donnell Morgan Jr. with Two Counts of Second-Degree Assault — First State Criminal Charge Against Federal Immigration Agent During Operation Metro Surge 4 src
Mary Moriarty · Hennepin County Attorney's Office · U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
confirmed
2026-04-14HSI Special Operations Group Surveils St. John's Church in St. Paul, Runs License-Plate Checks on Meeting Attendees' Vehicles 3 src
Homeland Security Investigations · Katherine Wespetal · Hakan Catalan · Direct Action Minnesota
confirmed
2026-04-09Houston ISD Soccer Captain Mauro Henriquez Deported to Honduras After Four Months in ICE Detention 3 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
confirmed
2026-04-08HSI Inserts Undercover Agent Into Ann Arbor Church Sanctuary; ROI Names Reporting Agent Erin Herrgott and Approving RAC Darryl Pugh 6 src
Homeland Security Investigations · Department of Homeland Security · Kevin Riach
confirmed
2026-04-08ICE Data Reveals 1,300 'Collateral' Arrests During Operation Metro Surge -- 35% of All Minnesota Detentions 3 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · Department of Homeland Security
confirmed
2026-04-03Michael Edison Hayden Reveals SPLC Gutted Its Intelligence Project Before Trump's Return, Leaving Far-Right Monitoring Degraded 3 src
Southern Poverty Law Center · Kash Patel · FBI
confirmed
2026-04-01Supreme Court Hears Birthright Citizenship Arguments; Gorsuch Exposes Government's Inability to Protect Native American Citizenship 9 src
U.S. Supreme Court · Neil Gorsuch · D. John Sauer · Donald Trump · +1
confirmed
2026-03-26Ohio House Passes "Indecent Exposure Modernization Act" That Critics Say Could Criminalize Sports Bras and Cheerleading Uniforms 4 srcconfirmed
2026-03-11DHS Awards No-Bid Sole-Source Contract to Amentum Services for Camp East Montana After Acquisition Logistics Termination 4 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · Department of Homeland Security · Acquisition Logistics LLC
confirmed
2026-02-18Federal Court Permanently Blocks Trump Administration's DEI Ban in Schools Nationwide 6 src
American Civil Liberties Union · Department of Education
confirmed
2026-02-15HSI Deploys Four Undercover Agents Into a 200-Person 'Workers Assembly to Defeat ICE' at Minneapolis's United Labor Center 3 src
Homeland Security Investigations · Jacob Marquis · Katherine Wespetal · Hakan Catalan
confirmed
2026-02-15HSI Opens Project Whipple Shield, Using Warrantless Administrative Summonses Under Customs Authority to Take Years of Union and Nonprofit Financial Records Under a 'Domestic Terrorist Financing' Theory 7 src
Homeland Security Investigations · Department of Homeland Security · Communications Workers of America · AFL-CIO · +3
confirmed
2026-02-11Body Camera Footage and Agent Texts Released in Marimar Martinez Case, Showing CBP Steered Into Her Vehicle and Bragged About Shooting 3 src
Marimar Martinez · Charles Exum · Judge Georgia Alexakis · Gregory Bovino
confirmed
2026-02-02GAO Report Reveals Education Department Paid $38M to Idled Civil Rights Staff 3 src
U.S. Government Accountability Office · U.S. Department of Education · Linda McMahon · Bernie Sanders · +1
confirmed
2026-02-01HSI Undercover Agent Attends TCDA 'Art Club' Meeting at Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, Roseville; Debriefed With a Photo Array for Attendee Identification 3 src
Homeland Security Investigations · Jacob Marquis · Katherine Wespetal · Hakan Catalan
confirmed
2026-01-29Dhillon Refocuses Civil Rights Division on Voter Fraud as 70% of Staff Exit 3 src
Harmeet Dhillon · Department of Justice · Civil Rights Division
confirmed
2026-01-29Federal Grand Jury Indicts Nine Cities Church Protesters Under 18 U.S.C. § 241 and FACE Act; Superseding Indictment Expands to 39 Defendants 8 src
Pam Bondi · David Easterwood · U.S. Department of Justice
confirmed
2026-01-28Operation Puppet Master Was Accepted Under 'CUC Op Keyhole' — A Certified Undercover Operation of Undisclosed Scope 4 src
Homeland Security Investigations · Immigration and Customs Enforcement · Jacob Marquis · Hakan Catalan · +2
confirmed
2026-01-22Whistleblowers Reveal Secret ICE Memo Authorizing Agents to Enter Homes Without Judicial Warrants 4 src
Todd Lyons · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · Kristi Noem · Richard Blumenthal · +1
confirmed
2026-01-21ICE Launches Operation Catch of the Day in Maine 3 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · DHS (Department of Homeland Security)
confirmed
2026-01-21Whistleblowers Expose ICE Policy Authorizing Warrantless Home Entries 3 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · Todd Lyons · DHS (Department of Homeland Security) · Richard Blumenthal
confirmed
2026-01-20Campos Family Files Wrongful Death Pre-Suit Petition in Federal Court, Names Akima Global Services and Acquisition Logistics as Interested Parties 4 src
Department of Homeland Security
confirmed
2026-01-15ACLU Files Class Action Against ICE for Racial Profiling in Minnesota 3 src
American Civil Liberties Union · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · DHS (Department of Homeland Security) · U.S. Customs and Border Protection
confirmed
2026-01-15Federal Judge Rules ICE Violated Fourth Amendment by Breaking Into Minneapolis Home Without Judicial Warrant 4 src
Jeffrey Bryan · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · Tricia McLaughlin
confirmed
2026-01-13DHS Whistleblower Leaks Personal Data of 4,500 ICE and Border Patrol Agents 3 src
DHS (Department of Homeland Security) · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · U.S. Customs and Border Protection · Kristi Noem
confirmed
2026-01-13DOJ Civil Rights Division Leaders Mass Resign Over Refusal to Investigate Renee Good Killing 3 src
Harmeet Dhillon · Todd Blanche · Pam Bondi
confirmed
2026-01-13Internal Documents Reveal ICE Agents Afraid of Minneapolis Deployment After Good Shooting 2 src
DHS (Department of Homeland Security) · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · U.S. Customs and Border Protection
confirmed
2026-01-13Supreme Court Hears Transgender Sports Ban Cases, Signals Support for Restrictions 3 src
U.S. Supreme Court · John Roberts · Brett Kavanaugh · Samuel Alito · +2
confirmed
2026-01-10ICE Detains Five Native Americans in Minneapolis Based on Appearance, Tribal Leaders Condemn Racial Profiling 4 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
confirmed
2026-01-08Border Patrol Agent Shoots Two People in Portland, Oregon, Over 270 Miles From Border 3 src
U.S. Border Patrol · DHS (Department of Homeland Security)
confirmed
2026-01-08CBP Agents Tackle and Detain Two U.S. Citizen Teenagers at Richfield Target Store 2 src
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
confirmed
2026-01-08FBI Revokes State Access to Evidence in Renee Good Shooting, Blocks Minnesota Investigation 3 src
Federal Bureau of Investigation · Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension · J.D. Vance · Jacob Frey
confirmed
2026-01-08Minneapolis Public Schools Cancel Classes, Offer Remote Learning Through February Due to ICE Operations 3 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · DHS (Department of Homeland Security)
confirmed
2026-01-07Border Patrol Agents Pepper Spray Students at Roosevelt High School During Dismissal 3 src
U.S. Customs and Border Protection · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
confirmed
2026-01-07ICE Agent Kills Legal Observer Renee Nicole Good During Minneapolis Raid 3 src
Jonathan Ross · Renee Nicole Good · Greg Bovino · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · +2
confirmed
2026-01-07Vice President Vance Announces ICE Will Go 'Door to Door' for Mass Deportations 3 src
J.D. Vance · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · Fox News
confirmed
2026-01-06DHS Announces "Largest Immigration Operation Ever" Deploying 2,000 Agents to Minneapolis 3 src
Kristi Noem · Todd Lyons · DHS (Department of Homeland Security) · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · +1
confirmed
2026-01-06DHS Deploys 2,000 Federal Agents to Minneapolis in 'Largest Immigration Operation Ever' 3 src
Kristi Noem · Stephen Miller · Todd Lyons · DHS (Department of Homeland Security) · +2
confirmed
2026-01-02Trump Threatens Military Intervention in Iran Protests, Says US 'Locked and Loaded' 2 src
Donald Trump
confirmed
2026-01-01Trump Administration Sets Quota to Strip Citizenship from Over 1,000 Naturalized Americans in 2026 2 src
Stephen Miller · U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
confirmed
2025-12-31Off-Duty ICE Officer Shoots and Kills Keith Porter in Los Angeles on New Year's Eve 3 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · DHS (Department of Homeland Security) · LAPD
confirmed
2025-12-31US Press Freedom Tracker Documents 170 Assaults on Journalists in 2025, 160 by Law Enforcement 6 src
Freedom of the Press Foundation · Federal Law Enforcement · ICE · Department of Homeland Security
confirmed
2025-12-30DHS Announces Record Immigration Enforcement Numbers, Promotes Self-Deportation Incentive 4 src
U.S. Department of Homeland Security · U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement · Kristi Noem
confirmed
2025-12-28ICE Agents Enter Minneapolis Hospital Without Warrant, Handcuff Patient to Bed for 24 Hours 2 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
confirmed
2025-12-28Mass Protests Erupt Across Iran as Economic Collapse Triggers Largest Uprising Since 1979 2 src
Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps · Ali Khamenei
confirmed
2025-12-28Washington Post Analysis Reveals ICE Shift from Jail Arrests to Community Raids 8 src
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement · U.S. Department of Homeland Security · Kristi Noem
confirmed
2025-12-26DHS Implements Mandatory Biometric Collection for All Non-Citizens at U.S. Borders 5 src
U.S. Department of Homeland Security · U.S. Customs and Border Protection · Kristi Noem
confirmed
2025-12-19DHS Releases Year-End Report Claiming 'Most Secure Border in History' While Touting 2.5 Million Departures and Record Drug Seizures 3 src
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) · Kristi Noem · Donald Trump · U.S. Customs and Border Protection · +3
confirmed
2025-12-19Noem Increases Self-Deportation Incentive to $3,000, Promotes 'Home for the Holidays' 2 src
Kristi Noem · DHS (Department of Homeland Security) · U.S. Customs and Border Protection
confirmed
2025-12-18Border Patrol Academy Reaches Highest Enrollment Since 2009 With 1,100 Trainees as Trump Administration Militarizes Enforcement Training 3 src
U.S. Border Patrol · U.S. Customs and Border Protection · Donald Trump · Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
confirmed
2025-12-16Border Patrol Chief Bovino Returns to Chicago, Promises Federal Agents 'For Years' 2 src
Gregory Bovino · U.S. Border Patrol · DHS (Department of Homeland Security)
confirmed
2025-12-16ICE Launches Operation Buckeye in Ohio, Targeting Afghan Refugees Who Fled Taliban and Entered Through Legal CBP One Program 4 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · Donald Trump · Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
confirmed
2025-12-15Seven Die in ICE Custody in December, Four Within Four Days, Deadliest Year Since 2004 6 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · U.S. Department of Homeland Security
confirmed
2025-12-14ICE Detention Population Hits All-Time Record of 68,400 -- 75% Increase Since January 5 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · Department of Homeland Security · Donald Trump · Kristi Noem
confirmed
2025-12-11Stephen Miller Attacks 1965 Civil Rights Immigration Law, Suggests America Better Off with 1920s Racial Quotas 2 src
Stephen Miller · Donald Trump · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
confirmed
2025-12-09Department of Justice Eliminates 50-Year-Old Disparate Impact Standard from Civil Rights Enforcement, Requiring Proof of Intentional Discrimination 3 src
Pam Bondi · Harmeet Dhillon · Department of Justice
confirmed
2025-12-08Human Rights Groups Document Systematic Torture at Fort Bliss Immigration Detention Facility: 45+ Detainees Report Beatings, Sexual Abuse, Crushed Testicles, and Coerced Deportations 3 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · U.S. Department of Homeland Security · American Civil Liberties Union · Human Rights Watch
confirmed
2025-12-06National Park Service Removes MLK Day and Juneteenth from Fee-Free Days, Adds Trump's Birthday 5 src
National Park Service · Donald Trump · Doug Burgum · NAACP · +1
confirmed
2025-12-05NPR First Amendment Lawsuit Against Trump Reaches Pivotal Court Hearing on Retaliatory Funding Cuts 5 src
NPR · Donald Trump · Trump Administration · American Civil Liberties Union · +1
confirmed
2025-12-05Trump Official Signals Rollback of Census Racial Categories to Erase Marginalized Communities from Federal Data 5 src
Office of Management and Budget · U.S. Census Bureau · Donald Trump
reported
2025-12-04American Alliance for Equal Rights Sues Hispanic Scholarship Fund Seeking to Eliminate Race-Conscious Scholarships 5 src confirmed
2025-12-04Amnesty International documents torture and enforced disappearances at "Alligator Alcatraz" and Krome detention facilities 5 src
Amnesty International · Ron DeSantis · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · DHS (Department of Homeland Security) · +2
confirmed
2025-12-04DHS Announces Operation Metro Surge in Minneapolis, Largest Immigration Enforcement Operation in U.S. History 6 src
Department of Homeland Security · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · Kristi Noem · Tom Homan · +3
confirmed
2025-12-04DOJ Orders Prison Auditors to Eliminate PREA Rape Protections for Transgender Inmates 5 src
Department of Justice · Bureau of Prisons · American Civil Liberties Union · Trump Administration
confirmed
2025-12-04DOJ Seeks to Detain Jan 6 Pardoned Defendant Taylor Taranto After Surveilling Rep. Jamie Raskin's Neighborhood 7 src
Jamie Raskin · Donald Trump · Department of Justice · Barack Obama
confirmed
2025-12-04ICE Escalates Operations Targeting Somali Immigrants in Minnesota Following Trump's Attacks on Community 7 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · Donald Trump · Tim Walz · Kristi Noem
confirmed
2025-12-04Illinois Secretary of State Warns Federal Immigration Agents and Rental Companies That License Plate Tampering Violates State Law 7 src
U.S. Department of Homeland Security · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) · JB Pritzker
confirmed
2025-12-04Supreme Court Reinstates Texas Mid-Decade Congressional Map Designed for Republican Advantage Despite Racial Gerrymandering Findings 7 src
Supreme Court of the United States · Greg Abbott · Donald Trump · Texas Legislature · +1
confirmed
2025-12-04Trump Reduces Work Permit Validity to 18 Months Citing Single DC Shooting 5 src
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services · Joseph Edlow · U.S. Department of Homeland Security · Rahmanullah Lakanwal
confirmed
2025-12-04Veterans Warn Trump's Afghan Asylum Freeze Endangers U.S. Allies and Undermines Future Military Partnerships 5 src
Donald Trump · Rahmanullah Lakanwal · U.S. Department of Defense
confirmed
2025-12-03Bovino Launches 'Operation Catahoula Crunch' in New Orleans, Texts 'We Are a Massive Wrecking Crew' 4 src
Gregory Bovino · U.S. Border Patrol · DHS (Department of Homeland Security)
confirmed
2025-12-03University of Alabama Shutters Black and Female Student Magazines Under DEI Directives 7 src
Pamela Bondi · Department of Justice
confirmed
2025-12-03Veterans Affairs Creates Database of Non-Citizen Employees for Deportation Targeting 4 src
Doug Collins · Kristi Noem · Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
reported
2025-11-28Trump Announces 'Permanent Pause' on Immigration from 'Third World Countries' Using Racist Terminology 4 src
Donald Trump · Joseph Edlow · U.S. Department of Homeland Security · U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services · +1
reported
2025-11-26DOJ Reveals Kristi Noem Made Final Decision to Defy Judge's Order on El Salvador Deportation Flights 6 src
Kristi Noem · U.S. District Judge James Boasberg · Department of Justice · Todd Blanche · +1
confirmed
2025-11-21North Dakota Supreme Court Reinstates Near-Total Abortion Ban Despite Unconstitutionality Finding 3 src
Doug Burgum
confirmed
2025-11-20Federal Charges Dismissed Against Marimar Martinez After Government's Own Evidence Contradicts CBP Account 2 src
Marimar Martinez · Charles Exum · U.S. Border Patrol · Judge Georgia Alexakis
confirmed
2025-11-15Bovino Launches 'Operation Charlotte's Web' in North Carolina, 250+ Arrests as 30,000 Students Stay Home 4 src
Gregory Bovino · U.S. Border Patrol · DHS (Department of Homeland Security)
confirmed
2025-11-07Cornell University Agrees to Pay $60 Million and Accept Federal Oversight to Restore Research Funding 3 src
Cornell University · Trump Administration
reported
2025-11-04DOJ Escalates Investigation of 66-Year-Old Activist for Distributing Stephen Miller Protest Fliers 3 src
U.S. Department of Justice · Federal Bureau of Investigation · U.S. Secret Service · Stephen Miller
reported
2025-11-04Memphis Residents Report Widespread Racial Profiling by Trump's Federal Police Task Force 3 src
U.S. Marshals Service · Federal Bureau of Investigation · National Guard
reported
2025-10-30ICE Agents Shoot U.S. Citizen Carlos Jimenez Near Los Angeles School 3 src
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
reported
2025-10-29DOJ Indicts Democratic Congressional Candidate Kat Abughazaleh for ICE Facility Protest 3 src
Kat Abughazaleh · Department of Justice · U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement · Trump Administration
reported
2025-10-25ICE Deports Man to Laos Despite Federal Court Order Blocking Removal, Ignoring Torture and Persecution Risk 6 src
ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) · Trump Administration
confirmed
2025-10-22Trump Administration Prioritizes White South Africans in Refugee Admissions 2 src
Trump Administration · State Department
confirmed
2025-10-18Trump Posts AI Video Dumping Feces on 7 Million "No Kings" Protesters, Defended by Johnson and Vance as "Satire" 4 src
Donald Trump · Mike Johnson · J.D. Vance · protesters
confirmed
2025-10-16Judge Alexakis Orders CBP Agent Exum's Vehicle Returned from Maine After Government Released Evidence Out of State 2 src
Judge Georgia Alexakis · Charles Exum · U.S. Border Patrol
confirmed
2025-10-15Supreme Court Reargues Louisiana v. Callais, Threatens Voting Rights Act 3 src
U.S. Supreme Court · Louisiana · American Civil Liberties Union · NAACP Legal Defense Fund
reported
2025-10-09Trump Nominee to Lead Whistleblower Office Faces Sexual Harassment Allegations 2 src
Paul Ingrassia · Office of Special Counsel · Trump Administration
reported
2025-10-05Border Patrol Agent Shoots US Citizen Marimar Martinez Five Times in Chicago During 'Operation Midway Blitz' 3 src
Marimar Martinez · Charles Exum · U.S. Border Patrol · DHS (Department of Homeland Security)
confirmed