Regulatory Capture
The Regulatory Capture capture lane traces 1534 verified events documenting this mechanism of institutional capture.
| Date | Event | Lanes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1965-11-30 | Ralph Nader Publishes Unsafe at Any Speed Exposing Auto Industry's Deadly Design Choices Ralph Nader · General Motors · Ford Motor Company · Chrysler Corporation · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1965-09-09 | HUD Created as Cabinet Department, Inherits FHA Discriminatory Practices President Lyndon B. Johnson · Robert C. Weaver · National Association of Home Builders · National Association of Real Estate Boards | confirmed | |
| 1965-07-30 | Medicare and Medicaid Signed Into Law After Defeating Decades of AMA Opposition and Reagan Propaganda Campaign President Lyndon B. Johnson · President Harry S. Truman · American Medical Association · Ronald Reagan · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1964-11-03 | AEI Faces IRS Investigation After Baroody's Control of Goldwater Campaign William J. Baroody Sr. · American Enterprise Institute · Barry Goldwater · Wright Patman · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1964-09-03 | Wilderness Act Signed After Eight Years of Industry Opposition, Creates National Wilderness Preservation System President Lyndon B. Johnson · Howard Zahniser · Wilderness Society · U.S. Forest Service · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1963-12-17 | Clean Air Act of 1963 Establishes First Federal Air Pollution Control Despite Industry Opposition President John F. Kennedy · President Lyndon B. Johnson · U.S. Congress · American Petroleum Institute · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1962-10-10 | Thalidomide Scandal Drives Kefauver-Harris Amendment Strengthening FDA Drug Safety Requirements Senator Estes Kefauver · Representative Oren Harris · President John F. Kennedy · Frances Kelsey · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1962-09-27 | Rachel Carson Publishes Silent Spring, Chemical Industry Launches Coordinated Attack Campaign Rachel Carson · Monsanto · American Cyanamid · Velsicol Chemical Corporation · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1962-02-13 | King-Anderson Medicare Bill Defeated in Committee After Intense Corporate Lobbying Cecil R. King · Clinton Anderson · John F. Kennedy · Wilbur Mills · +5 | confirmed | |
| 1962-01-01 | National Association of Manufacturers Establishes Defense Committee and Hires First Full-Time President National Association of Manufacturers · Werner P. Gullander · National Defense Committee | confirmed | |
| 1961-04-17 | Bay of Pigs Invasion Fails: CIA Proprietary Company Model Exposed in Catastrophic Covert Operation CIA · Allen Dulles · Richard Bissell · John F. Kennedy · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1961-01-01 | AMA Launches Operation Coffee Cup with Reagan Recording to Defeat Medicare Through Grassroots Deception American Medical Association · Ronald Reagan · Loyal Davis · Women's Auxiliary of the AMA | confirmed | |
| 1960-01-18 | Congressional Report Finds 1,400 Retired Military Officers Employed by Top Defense Contractors F. Edward Hebert · House Armed Services Committee · General Dynamics · Frank Pace | confirmed | |
| 1960-01-01 | U.S. Chamber of Commerce Reaches 2.5 Million Members Through Anti-Communist Mobilization U.S. Chamber of Commerce · American Legion | confirmed | |
| 1959-01-01 | Congress Holds 25 Hearings on Pentagon Revolving Door, General Bradley Testifies Against Contractor Influence U.S. Congress · General Omar Bradley · U.S. Department of Defense · Defense contractors | confirmed | |
| 1958-12-05 | NAM Executive VP Charles Sligh Calls for Business Political Mobilization to Build Conservative Coalition Charles R. Sligh Jr. · National Association of Manufacturers | confirmed | |
| 1958-01-01 | CIA Funding Reaches 53.5% of European Movement Budget via ACUE: Intelligence-Driven Supranational Integration CIA · Allen Dulles · William Donovan · American Committee on United Europe · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1956-06-29 | Federal-Aid Highway Act Creates Interstate System, Enables Destruction of Black Urban Neighborhoods Dwight D. Eisenhower · U.S. Congress · Bureau of Public Roads · General Motors · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1955-05-31 | Brown II Orders Desegregation with "All Deliberate Speed," Enabling Decade of Resistance Earl Warren · U.S. Supreme Court · NAACP Legal Defense Fund · Thurgood Marshall · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1955-05-01 | Michigan State University Vietnam Advisory Group: CIA Officers Operate Under Academic Cover in Saigon Wesley Fishel · Michigan State University · CIA · Ngo Dinh Diem | confirmed | |
| 1954-08-02 | Housing Act of 1954 Expands Urban Renewal, Intensifies Destruction of Black Communities Dwight D. Eisenhower · U.S. Congress · Urban Renewal Administration · Real estate industry · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1954-02-26 | Bricker Amendment Fails by One Vote, Conservative Attempt to Limit Treaty Power Defeated John Bricker · Dwight D. Eisenhower · American Bar Association · U.S. Senate · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1954-01-01 | Eisenhower Convenes Business Leaders to Create Public Affairs Council for Political Mobilization Dwight D. Eisenhower · Public Affairs Council · Effective Citizens Organization | confirmed | |
| 1953-08-13 | Eisenhower Executive Order 10479 Creates Committee on Government Contracts, Weak Anti-Discrimination Enforcement Dwight D. Eisenhower · Richard Nixon · Government Contract Committee · NAACP | confirmed | |
| 1953-01-28 | Charles Wilson Confirmed Defense Secretary After "Good for General Motors" Controversy Reveals Corporate-State Fusion Charles Erwin Wilson · Dwight D. Eisenhower · General Motors · Senate Armed Services Committee · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1953-01-01 | FCC Adopts Seven-Station Rule Limiting Broadcast Ownership to Prevent Media Monopoly and Ensure Viewpoint Diversity Federal Communications Commission | confirmed | |
| 1951-01-01 | CIA Begins Systematic University Funding Through Front Foundations: Academic Capture at Scale CIA · Allen Dulles · MIT · Harvard · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1950-12-29 | Celler-Kefauver Act Closes Merger Loopholes, Strengthens Government Power to Block Anticompetitive Consolidation U.S. Congress · Representative Emanuel Celler · Senator Estes Kefauver · Harry Truman · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1950-09-23 | McCarran Internal Security Act Passes Over Truman Veto, Requires Communist Registration Pat McCarran · Karl Mundt · Harry Truman · Hubert Humphrey · +5 | confirmed | |
| 1950-09-01 | State Loyalty Oaths Spread as California Passes Levering Act, Requires Public Employee Pledges California Legislature · Earl Warren · University of California Board of Regents · American Civil Liberties Union | confirmed | |
| 1950-06-26 | Congress for Cultural Freedom Founded with CIA Money: Intellectual Capture Across 35 Countries CIA · Frank Wisner · Michael Josselson · Melvin Lasky · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1949-08-10 | Louis Johnson Exonerated in B-36 Scandal Despite Convair Board Service and Contract Awards Louis Johnson · Convair Corporation · House Armed Services Committee · Carl Vinson · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1949-06-01 | FCC Establishes Fairness Doctrine Requiring Broadcasters to Present Balanced Coverage of Controversial Issues Federal Communications Commission · U.S. Congress | confirmed | |
| 1948-06-17 | Robert Moses Begins Cross-Bronx Expressway: Deliberate Destruction of Stable Communities to Build Car Infrastructure Robert Moses · New York City | confirmed | |
| 1947-09-18 | James Forrestal Becomes First Defense Secretary, Fusing Wall Street Financial Power with Pentagon James Forrestal · Harry Truman · U.S. Department of Defense · Dillon, Read & Co. | confirmed | |
| 1947-01-01 | National Association of Manufacturers Drafts Taft-Hartley Act "Sentence by Sentence, Paragraph by Paragraph" National Association of Manufacturers · Robert Taft · Fred Hartley · Donald O'Toole · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1946-11-09 | Price Controls End After Corporate Decontrol Campaign, Inflation Spikes Office of Price Administration · Harry Truman · National Association of Manufacturers · U.S. Chamber of Commerce · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1946-08-01 | Atomic Energy Act Creates AEC, Establishes Unprecedented Peacetime Secrecy Regime U.S. Congress · Harry Truman · Brien McMahon · Atomic Energy Commission · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1946-06-11 | Administrative Procedure Act Codifies Regulatory Process, Creates Industry Capture Opportunities U.S. Congress · Harry Truman · American Bar Association · Business interests · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1945-11-19 | Truman Proposes National Health Insurance, AMA Mobilizes Unprecedented Opposition Campaign Harry S. Truman · American Medical Association · Morris Fishbein · Robert Taft · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1945-09-20 | Truman Signs Executive Order 9621 Dissolving OSS: Wall Street Intelligence Elite Returns to Private Sector Harry Truman · William Donovan · Allen Dulles · William Casey | confirmed | |
| 1943-06-25 | Smith-Connally Act Criminalizes Union Political Contributions, Spawns First PACs Howard W. Smith · Tom Connally · Franklin D. Roosevelt · Congress of Industrial Organizations · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1943-01-01 | American Enterprise Association Moves to Washington to Oppose New Deal, Precursor to AEI Think Tank American Enterprise Association · Lewis H. Brown · Johns-Manville Corporation · Henry Hazlitt · +6 | confirmed | |
| 1942-09-01 | Committee for Economic Development Founded as Business-Government Policy Coordination Body Committee for Economic Development · Paul G. Hoffman · William Benton · Marion B. Folsom · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1942-03-26 | Standard Oil-IG Farben Cartel Exposed, Senator Truman Calls It Treason Standard Oil of New Jersey · IG Farben · Harry Truman · Thurman Arnold · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1941-05-06 | FCC Establishes Television Ownership Limit of Three Stations to Prevent Media Monopoly Concentration Federal Communications Commission | confirmed | |
| 1941-04-17 | Ford Willow Run Bomber Plant Built with Taxpayer Funds, Private Profits Ford Motor Company · Henry Ford · Charles Sorensen · U.S. War Department · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1938-06-16 | Temporary National Economic Committee Launches Comprehensive Investigation of Monopoly and Economic Concentration Franklin D. Roosevelt · Joseph O'Mahoney · Thurman Arnold · U.S. Congress · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1938-04-29 | FDR Warns Congress That Concentrated Corporate Power Threatens American Democracy with Fascism Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · concentrated corporate interests | confirmed | |
| 1937-04-12 | NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel - Supreme Court Upholds Wagner Act in Constitutional Revolution Supreme Court of the United States · Charles Evans Hughes · Owen Roberts · Franklin D. Roosevelt · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1936-06-19 | Robinson-Patman Act Prohibits Price Discrimination to Protect Small Retailers from Chain Store Power U.S. Congress · Senator Joseph T. Robinson · Representative Wright Patman · Federal Trade Commission | confirmed | |
| 1935-08-26 | Public Utility Holding Company Act Breaks Up Utility Monopolies Franklin D. Roosevelt · Federal Trade Commission · Electric utility industry · Securities and Exchange Commission | confirmed | |
| 1935-08-23 | Banking Act of 1935 Restructures Federal Reserve, Reduces Wall Street Influence Over Monetary Policy Franklin D. Roosevelt · Marriner Eccles · Carter Glass · U.S. Congress · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1935-08-14 | Social Security Act Creates Federal Retirement and Unemployment Insurance System Over Business Opposition Franklin D. Roosevelt · Frances Perkins · U.S. Congress · American Liberty League · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1935-05-11 | Rural Electrification Administration Created to Bring Power to Farms Private Utilities Refused to Serve Franklin D. Roosevelt · Morris Cooke · private utility companies · farmer cooperatives · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1934-07-02 | Joseph Kennedy Appointed First SEC Chairman - Wall Street Insider to Police Wall Street Franklin D. Roosevelt · Joseph P. Kennedy · Securities and Exchange Commission · Wall Street | confirmed | |
| 1934-06-19 | Communications Act of 1934 Creates FCC and Consolidates Federal Media Regulation Under Public Interest Standard Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · Federal Communications Commission · Federal Radio Commission | confirmed | |
| 1934-06-06 | Securities Exchange Act Creates SEC, Regulates Secondary Markets Franklin D. Roosevelt · Joseph P. Kennedy · Ferdinand Pecora · Richard Whitney · +4 | confirmed | |
| 1933-06-16 | National Industrial Recovery Act Creates NRA Blue Eagle Program, Enabling Corporate Self-Regulation Franklin D. Roosevelt · Hugh Johnson · U.S. Congress · National Recovery Administration · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1933-06-13 | Home Owners' Loan Corporation Creates "Residential Security" Maps: The Federal Government Invents Redlining Home Owners' Loan Corporation · Federal Home Loan Bank Board · Franklin D. Roosevelt | confirmed | |
| 1933-05-27 | Securities Act of 1933 Establishes Federal Securities Regulation Franklin D. Roosevelt · Huston Thompson · Federal Trade Commission · Wall Street · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1933-05-18 | Tennessee Valley Authority Created as Public Power Alternative to Private Utility Monopolies Franklin D. Roosevelt · George Norris · U.S. Congress · Tennessee Valley Authority · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1933-03-09 | Emergency Banking Act Passes in Eight Hours to Stabilize Collapsing Banking System Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · Federal Reserve · William Woodin · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1933-03-06 | FDR Declares National Bank Holiday, Closing All Banks to Stop Collapse of Financial System Franklin D. Roosevelt · Banking industry · Federal Reserve · American depositors | confirmed | |
| 1931-06-01 | Banking Crisis Accelerates with 2,300 Bank Failures in 1931 as Hoover Resists Federal Intervention Herbert Hoover · Federal Reserve · American bankers · depositors | confirmed | |
| 1929-08-01 | Investment Trust Leverage Pyramids Reach Unsustainable Peak Goldman Sachs · Investment Trusts · Federal Reserve | confirmed | |
| 1929-02-02 | Federal Reserve Warns Against Speculation But Takes No Effective Action Federal Reserve Board · Benjamin Strong · Charles Mitchell · Andrew Mellon · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1928-01-01 | Margin Buying Explosion Enables Rampant Stock Market Speculation Federal Reserve · Goldman Sachs · Investment Trusts | confirmed | |
| 1927-04-11 | Supreme Court Applies Antitrust Law to Union Secondary Boycotts in Bedford Cut Stone George Sutherland · U.S. Supreme Court · Journeymen Stone Cutters Association · Bedford Cut Stone Company | confirmed | |
| 1927-02-25 | McFadden Act Perpetuates Banking Fragmentation, Prohibits Interstate Branching Louis Thomas McFadden · Calvin Coolidge · U.S. Congress · Federal Reserve | confirmed | |
| 1927-02-23 | Radio Act of 1927 Establishes Public Ownership of Airwaves and "Public Interest" Broadcasting Standard Calvin Coolidge · Clarence Dill · Wallace H. White Jr. · Federal Radio Commission · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1925-05-25 | Supreme Court Reverses Coronado Decision, Opens Unions to Antitrust Liability William Howard Taft · U.S. Supreme Court · United Mine Workers of America · Coronado Coal Company | confirmed | |
| 1925-01-01 | Florida Land Boom Epitomizes Unregulated Speculation and Securities Fraud Carl Fisher · George Merrick · Addison Mizner · Florida Legislature | confirmed | |
| 1922-11-01 | Scripps-McRae League Renamed Scripps-Howard as Second-Largest Newspaper Chain Consolidates Power E.W. Scripps · Roy W. Howard · Robert Scripps · Scripps-Howard Newspapers | confirmed | |
| 1922-06-05 | Supreme Court Rules Unincorporated Unions Can Be Sued in Coronado Coal Case William Howard Taft · U.S. Supreme Court · United Mine Workers of America · Coronado Coal Company | confirmed | |
| 1922-04-07 | Albert Fall Secretly Grants Teapot Dome Oil Reserve to Harry Sinclair Without Competitive Bidding Albert Fall · Harry Sinclair | confirmed | |
| 1922-01-01 | Holding Company Proliferation Enables Corporate Consolidation and Regulatory Evasion Samuel Insull · J.P. Morgan · Van Sweringen Brothers · Delaware Corporation Commission | confirmed | |
| 1921-05-31 | Harding Transfers Naval Oil Reserves to Interior Department Warren G. Harding · Albert Fall · Edwin Denby | confirmed | |
| 1921-01-03 | Supreme Court Guts Clayton Act Labor Protections in Duplex Printing Decision Mahlon Pitney · U.S. Supreme Court · International Association of Machinists · Duplex Printing Press Company | confirmed | |
| 1920-06-05 | Jones Act Establishes Shipping Protectionism Still Harming Consumers Today Wesley Jones · U.S. Congress · American Shipping Industry · Woodrow Wilson | confirmed | |
| 1920-06-01 | Farm Crisis Begins as Agricultural Prices Collapse While Debt Remains Andrew Mellon · Federal Reserve · Farm Bureau · U.S. Congress | confirmed | |
| 1920-03-01 | Supreme Court Dismisses U.S. Steel Antitrust Case, Ruling Size Alone Not Illegal - Enforcement Ends Until 1945 U.S. Supreme Court · Justice Joseph McKenna · Justice Day · U.S. Steel Corporation · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1920-01-01 | Hearst Newspaper Empire Reaches 28 Papers Controlling One in Four American Readers Through Yellow Journalism Tactics William Randolph Hearst · Hearst Communications | confirmed | |
| 1919-07-27 | Red Summer: Chicago Race Riot Erupts as White Mobs Attack Black Neighborhoods, 38 Killed Chicago Police Department · Irish American athletic clubs · Black Great Migration communities · Governor Frank Lowden · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1917-11-05 | Buchanan v. Warley: Supreme Court Strikes Down Racial Zoning, Property Rights Trump Civil Rights Supreme Court of the United States · NAACP · Moorfield Storey · Louisville, Kentucky | confirmed | |
| 1917-06-08 | Speculator Mine Fire Kills 168 Workers: Anaconda Safety Failures Trigger Butte Strike and Repression Anaconda Copper Mining Company · Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) · Metal Mine Workers' Union · Montana National Guard | confirmed | |
| 1914-10-15 | Clayton Antitrust Act Signed: Labor Unions Exempted from Antitrust Laws, Gompers Calls It Labor's Magna Carta President Woodrow Wilson · Henry De Lamar Clayton Jr. · Samuel Gompers · American Federation of Labor · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1914-09-26 | Wilson Signs Federal Trade Commission Act, Creating Expert Antitrust Enforcement Agency Woodrow Wilson · Federal Trade Commission · U.S. Congress | confirmed | |
| 1913-12-23 | Federal Reserve Act Creates Central Banking System: Wilson Signs Compromise Between Private Bank Control and Government Oversight President Woodrow Wilson · Carter Glass · Robert Latham Owen · JP Morgan · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1912-06-13 | DuPont Powder Trust Ordered Dissolved, But Family Control and Geographic Proximity Limit Effectiveness U.S. District Court for Delaware · E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company · DuPont family · Hercules Powder Company · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1911-05-29 | Supreme Court Orders American Tobacco Breakup, Applying Rule of Reason to Tobacco Trust U.S. Supreme Court · Chief Justice Edward White · American Tobacco Company · James Duke | confirmed | |
| 1911-05-15 | Standard Oil Breakup's Paradox - Rockefeller's Wealth Triples as Fragmented Companies Reconsolidate John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company · U.S. Supreme Court | confirmed | |
| 1911-05-15 | Supreme Court Orders Standard Oil Breakup in Landmark Antitrust Decision U.S. Supreme Court · John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company · Chief Justice Edward White | confirmed | |
| 1911-03-25 | Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Kills 146, Exposes Corporate Negligence Triangle Waist Company · New York Factory Investigating Commission · Frances Perkins · International Ladies Garment Workers Union | confirmed | |
| 1910-06-18 | Mann-Elkins Act Strengthens Railroad Regulation, Expands ICC Authority to Telecommunications President William Howard Taft · Stephen Benton Elkins · James Robert Mann · Interstate Commerce Commission | confirmed | |
| 1909-03-04 | Roosevelt Leaves Office After 44 Antitrust Suits, Revealing Progressive Era Reform Limits Theodore Roosevelt · William Howard Taft · J.P. Morgan · U.S. Department of Justice · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1907-11-02 | Roosevelt Approves U.S. Steel Acquisition of Tennessee Coal & Iron During Panic, Exposing Reform Limits Theodore Roosevelt · J.P. Morgan · Elbert H. Gary · Henry Clay Frick · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1907-07-19 | Roosevelt Justice Department Files Antitrust Suit Against American Tobacco Trust Theodore Roosevelt · U.S. Department of Justice · American Tobacco Company · James Buchanan Duke | confirmed | |
| 1906-06-30 | Roosevelt Signs Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act Theodore Roosevelt · Harvey Washington Wiley · Upton Sinclair · U.S. Congress | confirmed | |
| 1906-06-29 | Roosevelt Signs Hepburn Act Creating First True Federal Regulatory Agency Theodore Roosevelt · Representative William Hepburn · Interstate Commerce Commission · Railroad companies · +1 | confirmed |