Regulatory Capture
The Regulatory Capture capture lane traces 1534 verified events documenting this mechanism of institutional capture.
| Date | Event | Lanes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002-01-09 | Arthur Andersen Admits to Shredding Tons of Enron Documents Arthur Andersen · Joseph Berardino · David Duncan | confirmed | |
| 2002-01-08 | No Child Left Behind Act Creates Testing-Industrial Complex and Punitive Accountability Regime President George W. Bush · Senator Ted Kennedy · Representative John Boehner · Pearson Education · +2 | confirmed | |
| 2002-01-01 | Abramoff-Reed Execute Double-Dealing Scheme Against Tigua Tribe Jack Abramoff · Ralph Reed · Century Strategies · Tigua Tribal Nation · +2 | confirmed | |
| 2002-01-01 | ALEC's Corporate 'Scholarship' Program Funds Legislator Trips to Luxury Resort Conferences American Legislative Exchange Council · PhRMA · Eli Lilly · Time Warner Cable · +1 | confirmed | |
| 2001-12-13 | Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs Systematically Subordinated to Corporate Input Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs · John Graham · Corporate Stakeholder Panels · Federal Agencies | confirmed | |
| 2001-12-02 | Enron Bankruptcy After Energy Task Force Meetings Dick Cheney · Kenneth Lay · Jeffrey Skilling · Andrew Fastow | confirmed | |
| 2001-11-01 | Microsoft Antitrust Settlement Establishes Weak Precedent for Tech Monopolies U.S. Department of Justice · Microsoft Corporation · George W. Bush · John Ashcroft · +2 | confirmed | |
| 2001-11-01 | NSA Launches MAINWAY Database for Mass Metadata Collection National Security Agency · AT&T · Verizon · T-Mobile · +3 | confirmed | |
| 2001-10-26 | Bush Signs PATRIOT Act After 45-Day Rush with Minimal Debate George W. Bush · Russ Feingold · Tom Daschle · Jim Sensenbrenner · +1 | confirmed | |
| 2001-10-22 | SEC Launches Investigation Into Enron's Related-Party Transactions Securities and Exchange Commission · Andrew Fastow · Kenneth Lay | confirmed | |
| 2001-10-04 | Bush Authorizes NSA Stellar Wind Program Bypassing FISA Court George W. Bush · Michael Hayden · National Security Agency · Dick Cheney · +4 | confirmed | |
| 2001-09-21 | AT&T Establishes Mass Internet Surveillance Infrastructure for NSA AT&T Corporate Leadership · National Security Agency · Bush Administration · Mark Klein (AT&T Technician) | confirmed | |
| 2001-06-29 | Patients Bill of Rights Dies After HMO Industry Spends $60 Million Lobbying Against Managed Care Accountability George W. Bush · Health Insurance Association of America · American Association of Health Plans · John McCain · +2 | confirmed | |
| 2001-06-07 | Bush Signs EGTRRA Tax Cuts - Top Rate Reduced from 39.6% to 35%, Estate Tax Phased Out, Beginning $1.5 Trillion Debt Increase George W. Bush · Dick Cheney · Paul O'Neill · Dennis Hastert · +4 | confirmed | |
| 2001-06-01 | Choctaw Tribe Contract Reveals Abramoff-Scanlon Lobbying Fraud Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians · Michael Scanlon · Capitol Campaign Strategies · Jack Abramoff | confirmed | |
| 2001-05-17 | National Energy Policy Adopts Enron Recommendations Verbatim Dick Cheney · George W. Bush · Enron · Kenneth Lay · +2 | confirmed | |
| 2001-05-16 | National Energy Policy Report Released Reflecting Oil Industry Priorities George W. Bush · Dick Cheney · National Energy Policy Development Group · ExxonMobil · +7 | confirmed | |
| 2001-04-17 | Kenneth Lay's Influence on Cheney Energy Task Force: Corporate Policy Capture Kenneth Lay · Dick Cheney · George W. Bush · Enron Corporation | confirmed | |
| 2001-03-13 | Bush Administration Begins Systematic EPA Rollbacks with Withdrawal from Kyoto Protocol George W. Bush · Christine Todd Whitman · Dick Cheney · American Petroleum Institute · +3 | confirmed | |
| 2001-02-09 | Cheney Energy Task Force Begins Secret Meetings with Enron Executives Dick Cheney · Kenneth Lay · George W. Bush | confirmed | |
| 2001-01-29 | Bush Administration Establishes Faith-Based Initiative Infrastructure for Systematic Constitutional Transformation George W. Bush · Pat Robertson · Faith-Based Organizations · U.S. Supreme Court | confirmed | |
| 2001-01-29 | Cheney Creates Secret Energy Task Force with Oil Executives Dick Cheney · ExxonMobil · Shell Oil · BP America · +3 | confirmed | |
| 2001-01-20 | Bush Administration Hires 150 Regent University Graduates Pat Robertson · Monica Goodling · Kay Coles James · Regent University · +1 | confirmed | |
| 2001-01-12 | Clinton Roadless Rule Protects 58 Million Acres of National Forests from Logging Bill Clinton · U.S. Forest Service · Timber industry · Mining Industry | confirmed | |
| 2001-01-01 | Abramoff Moves to Greenberg Traurig, Partners with Michael Scanlon Jack Abramoff · Michael Scanlon · Greenberg Traurig · Capitol Campaign Strategies · +1 | confirmed | |
| 2001-01-01 | Bush and Obama Administrations Cement Bipartisan Chicago School Antitrust Consensus, Approve Historic Consolidation George W. Bush · Barack Obama · Department of Justice · Federal Trade Commission | confirmed | |
| 2000-12-21 | Clinton Signs Commodity Futures Modernization Act, Cementing Derivatives Deregulation Bill Clinton · Lawrence Summers · Phil Gramm · Alan Greenspan · +1 | confirmed | |
| 2000-12-09 | Supreme Court Grants Bush Emergency Stay with Scalia's "Irreparable Harm" Logic Antonin Scalia · Supreme Court Conservative Majority · William Rehnquist · Clarence Thomas · +2 | confirmed | |
| 2000-11-26 | Katherine Harris Certifies Bush Victory While Serving as Campaign Co-Chair Katherine Harris · George W. Bush · Jeb Bush · Mac Stipanovich · +1 | confirmed | |
| 2000-11-08 | James Baker Coordinates Bush Supreme Court Election Strategy from Day One James Baker III · Katherine Harris · George W. Bush · Mac Stipanovich · +2 | confirmed | |
| 2000-08-30 | Clear Channel Acquires AMFM Inc. Creating Radio Monopoly with Over 1,200 Stations Clear Channel Communications · Lowry Mays | confirmed | |
| 2000-05-03 | FCC Approves $35.6 Billion Viacom-CBS Merger Despite Ownership Concentration Violations Viacom · CBS Corporation · Sumner Redstone · Mel Karmazin · +1 | confirmed | |
| 2000-03-10 | Dot-Com Bubble Peaks, Exposes IPO Fraud and Analyst Conflicts Investment banks · Securities Analysts · Securities and Exchange Commission · Nasdaq · +2 | confirmed | |
| 2000-03-06 | Bush Creates Rangers/Pioneers Pay-to-Play Appointment System George W. Bush · Karl Rove · Mercer Reynolds · Thomas Scully · +3 | confirmed | |
| 2000-02-01 | Halliburton Opens Tehran Office While Cheney Still CEO, Completing $40 Million Annual Iran Business Through Cayman Islands Subsidiary Designed to Circumvent U.S. Sanctions Dick Cheney · Halliburton · Halliburton Products and Services · Bill Clinton | confirmed | |
| 2000-01-21 | Bolivia's Cochabamba Water War: Indigenous-Led Uprising Forces Reversal of World Bank-Mandated Bechtel Privatization Bechtel Corporation · Aguas del Tunari · World Bank · Hugo Banzer · +3 | confirmed | |
| 2000-01-11 | AOL-Time Warner $164 Billion Merger Creates Largest Media Conglomerate in History America Online · Time Warner · Steve Case · Gerald Levin · +2 | confirmed | |
| 2000-01-01 | Major Strikes Collapse to 16 Annually, Down 95% from Pre-PATCO Era American workers · Bureau of Labor Statistics · U.S. unions | confirmed | |
| 2000-01-01 | Systematic Coordination Emerges in Corporate PAC Explosion Post-Buckley Corporate PAC Strategists · Campaign Finance Lawyers · Political Fundraising Experts · Supreme Court Justices | confirmed | |
| 2000-01-01 | Top 10% of Firms Capture 90% of Profit Growth Between 1980-2000, Documenting Monopolization Dominant firms · Smaller competitors | confirmed | |
| 1999-11-12 | Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act Retroactively Legalizes Citigroup Merger, Repeals Glass-Steagall President Bill Clinton · Phil Gramm · Jim Leach · Thomas Bliley Jr · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1999-11-05 | President's Working Group Recommends Exempting $80 Trillion Derivatives Market from Regulation Lawrence Summers · Robert Rubin · Alan Greenspan · Arthur Levitt · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1999-10-26 | Robert Rubin Joins Citigroup for $126 Million After Engineering Glass-Steagall Repeal Robert Rubin · Citigroup · Sandy Weill · Goldman Sachs · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1999-09-01 | Fannie Mae Eases Credit Requirements Under HUD Affordable Housing Pressure Fannie Mae · Franklin Raines · U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development · Andrew Cuomo · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1999-07-02 | Lawrence Summers Becomes Treasury Secretary, Accelerates Derivatives Deregulation Campaign Lawrence Summers · Bill Clinton · Robert Rubin · U.S. Senate · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1999-04-06 | Abramoff and Reed Formalize Tribal Money Laundering Subcontractor Scheme Jack Abramoff · Ralph Reed · Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians · Century Strategies · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1999-02-15 | Time Magazine Celebrates "Committee to Save the World" While They Block Derivatives Regulation Robert Rubin · Lawrence Summers · Alan Greenspan · Time Magazine · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1998-10-28 | Digital Millennium Copyright Act Section 512: Safe Harbor Provisions Create Dual System of Corporate Protection and Individual Vulnerability Bill Clinton · U.S. Copyright Office · Google · YouTube · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1998-10-27 | Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act: Disney Lobbying Creates 'Mickey Mouse Protection Act,' Extending Corporate Rent Extraction by 20 Years Walt Disney Company · Bill Clinton · Time Warner · Universal · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1998-10-07 | Higher Education Act Reauthorization Loosens Regulations, Enables For-Profit College Explosion President Bill Clinton · U.S. Congress · University of Phoenix · Career Education Corporation · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1998-10-01 | Electronic Industries Alliance Blacklisting - K Street Project Enforcement Tom DeLay · Newt Gingrich · Dave McCurdy · Bill Paxon · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1998-09-30 | NationsBank-BankAmerica $62 Billion Merger Creates First Coast-to-Coast National Bank NationsBank · BankAmerica · Federal Reserve · Department of Justice · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1998-09-23 | Federal Reserve Orchestrates $3.6 Billion Bailout of Long-Term Capital Management to Prevent Systemic Collapse William McDonough · Alan Greenspan · John Meriwether · Long-Term Capital Management · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1998-09-01 | Federal Reserve Grants Citigroup Temporary Waiver for Glass-Steagall Violation Federal Reserve · Alan Greenspan · Citicorp · Travelers Group · +5 | confirmed | |
| 1998-08-17 | Russia Defaults on Debt and Abandons Ruble Defense: Largest Sovereign Default in History Caps Decade of Economic Devastation Boris Yeltsin · Sergei Kiriyenko · International Monetary Fund · Central Bank of Russia · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1998-06-30 | McKinsey Leverages Asian Financial Crisis for Consulting Expansion McKinsey & Company · International Monetary Fund · World Bank · Thailand Government · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1998-06-15 | Corporate Exploitation of Asian Financial Crisis Structural Adjustment Goldman Sachs · Citigroup · McKinsey & Company · International Monetary Fund · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1998-05-18 | DOJ Files Microsoft Antitrust Suit, Establishes Tech Monopoly Precedent U.S. Department of Justice · Microsoft Corporation · Bill Gates · Joel Klein · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1998-05-07 | Brooksley Born's Derivatives Regulation Warning Systematically Suppressed Brooksley Born · Robert Rubin · Lawrence Summers · Alan Greenspan · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1998-05-07 | Coordinated Regulatory Opposition Suppresses CFTC Derivatives Oversight Inquiry Brooksley Born · Alan Greenspan · Robert Rubin · Arthur Levitt · +4 | confirmed | |
| 1998-05-01 | Sandline "Arms-to-Africa" Scandal: UK Parliamentary Inquiry Tests PMC Accountability and Finds It Wanting Tim Spicer · Sandline International · Robin Cook · Tony Blair · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1998-04-06 | Citicorp-Travelers $70 Billion Merger Directly Violates Glass-Steagall Act Citicorp · Travelers Group · Federal Reserve Board · Sandy Weill · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1998-02-07 | James Dobson Threatens to Lead Evangelical Exodus from GOP: Focus on the Family Demonstrates Political Leverage James Dobson · Focus on the Family · Republican Party | confirmed | |
| 1998-01-01 | ALEC's 'Economic Impact Statement Act' Uses Cost-Benefit Analysis to Kill Environmental Regulations American Legislative Exchange Council · Koch Industries · ExxonMobil · State Environmental Agencies · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1997-11-21 | FDA Modernization Act Accelerates Drug Approvals and Expands Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Under Pharma Pressure Bill Clinton · PhRMA · Food and Drug Administration · James Jeffords | confirmed | |
| 1997-10-23 | IMF Imposes Harsh Structural Adjustment on Indonesia International Monetary Fund · Indonesian Government · World Bank · McKinsey & Company · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1997-08-01 | Boeing-McDonnell Douglas Merger Approved: Defense Contractor Consolidation Creates Oligopoly Boeing · McDonnell Douglas · Federal Trade Commission · U.S. Department of Defense · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1997-01-01 | Koch Industries Launches Massive Climate Denial Funding Network Koch Industries · Charles Koch · David Koch · Koch Family Foundations · +5 | confirmed | |
| 1997-01-01 | SEC Fort Worth Examiners Identify Allen Stanford Ponzi Scheme, Enforcement Division Ignores Warnings for 12 Years Allen Stanford · Securities and Exchange Commission · Spencer Barasch · Stanford Financial Group | confirmed | |
| 1996-08-21 | HIPAA Passes with Limited Portability Protections While Granting Healthcare Industry Control Over Patient Data Bill Clinton · Nancy Kassebaum · Edward Kennedy · Health Insurance Association of America · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1996-06-30 | Clear Channel Begins Unprecedented Radio Consolidation Under Telecommunications Act Clear Channel Communications · Lowry Mays · FCC Federal Communications Commission · Local Radio Stations | confirmed | |
| 1996-06-18 | Chinese Military Intelligence Funnels Campaign Donations Through Johnny Chung Johnny Chung · Ji Shengde · Bill Clinton · Democratic National Committee · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1996-04-26 | Prison Litigation Reform Act Strips Prisoners' Access to Courts: Constitutional Rights Made Practically Unenforceable Newt Gingrich · Republican Congress · National Association of Attorneys General | confirmed | |
| 1996-02-08 | Telecommunications Act of 1996 Eliminates Radio Ownership Caps and Raises TV Limits, Triggering Massive Media Consolidation Bill Clinton · U.S. Congress · Federal Communications Commission · Clear Channel Communications · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1996-01-01 | Abramoff-Norquist-DeLay Network Defeats Native American Casino Tax Bill Jack Abramoff · Grover Norquist · Tom DeLay · Ralph Reed · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1996-01-01 | ALEC Adopts Business Plan to "Function More Like a Business" - Formalizes Pay-to-Play Corporate Legislative Model American Legislative Exchange Council | confirmed | |
| 1996-01-01 | Purdue Pharma Launches Aggressive OxyContin Marketing Campaign Based on False Claims Purdue Pharma · Sackler Family · Richard Sackler | confirmed | |
| 1995-12-20 | FDA Approves OxyContin with Unsubstantiated Safety Claims Food and Drug Administration · Purdue Pharma · Dr. Curtis Wright · Sackler Family | confirmed | |
| 1995-12-12 | FDA Approval of OxyContin Reveals Systemic Regulatory Capture by Purdue Pharma Curtis Wright IV · Purdue Pharma · Food and Drug Administration · Division of Anesthetic, Critical Care, and Addiction Drug Products · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1995-01-10 | Robert Rubin Appointed Treasury Secretary After 26 Years at Goldman Sachs Robert Rubin · Bill Clinton · Goldman Sachs | confirmed | |
| 1995-01-04 | Tom DeLay Elected Majority Whip - Creates K Street PAC Tracking System Tom DeLay · Newt Gingrich · Rick Santorum · Grover Norquist | confirmed | |
| 1995-01-01 | ALEC Environment Task Force Passes 100+ Anti-Regulation Bills Funded by Fossil Fuel Companies American Legislative Exchange Council · Koch Industries · ExxonMobil · Peabody Energy · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1994-09-29 | Riegle-Neal Act Enables Nationwide Bank Consolidation, Mortgage Market Transformation President Bill Clinton · Senator Donald Riegle · Representative Stephen Neal · American Bankers Association · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1994-09-26 | Clinton Healthcare Reform Dies After Insurance Industry Lobbying Campaign Bill Clinton · Hillary Clinton · Health insurance industry · Health Insurance Association of America · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1994-01-01 | Jack Abramoff Joins Preston Gates - Launches Tribal Lobbying Practice Jack Abramoff · Preston Gates & Ellis · Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians · Nell Rogers · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1993-12-08 | Clinton Signs NAFTA Creating Corporate Tribunals to Override National Laws Bill Clinton · Al Gore · Robert Rubin · NAFTA Corporate Lobbies · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1993-01-14 | CFTC Chair Wendy Gramm Exempts Enron from Derivatives Regulation, Joins Board Five Weeks Later Wendy Gramm · Phil Gramm · Enron Corporation · CFTC Commodity Futures Trading Commission · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1992-10-29 | FDA Prescription Drug User Fee Act Creates Financial Dependence on Pharmaceutical Industry Food and Drug Administration · PhRMA · U.S. Congress · Pharmaceutical companies | confirmed | |
| 1992-01-01 | Christian Coalition Distributes 40 Million Voter Guides Through Churches: Electoral Infrastructure Embedded in Religious Institutions Pat Robertson · Ralph Reed · Christian Coalition | confirmed | |
| 1992-01-01 | SEC Investigates Madoff Feeder Fund Avellino & Bienes, Misses $65 Billion Ponzi Scheme in First Regulatory Failure Securities and Exchange Commission · Bernie Madoff · Avellino & Bienes · H. David Kotz | confirmed | |
| 1991-11-20 | Keating Five Ethics Findings: Cranston Reprimanded, Systemic Corruption Exposed Alan Cranston · Dennis DeConcini · Donald Riegle · John Glenn · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1991-06-05 | Trump Plaza Fined $200,000 for Removing Black Employees from Gaming Floor Donald Trump · Robert LiButti · Kip Brown | confirmed | |
| 1991-06-04 | Minnesota Enacts First Charter School Law, Creating Template for Education Privatization Governor Arne Carlson · Minnesota Legislature · Citizens League · Ted Kolderie · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1991-01-01 | George C. Marshall Institute Becomes Central Node in Fossil Fuel-Funded Climate Denial George C. Marshall Institute · Frederick Seitz · Fred Singer · Robert Jastrow · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1990-11-15 | Clean Air Act Amendments Pass with Industry-Preferred Market Mechanisms Over Direct Regulation George H.W. Bush · Environmental Defense Fund · Edison Electric Institute · American Petroleum Institute · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1990-10-01 | Black, Manafort, Stone & Kelly Begins Lobbying for Kashmiri American Council, Later Revealed as Pakistani ISI Front Paul Manafort · Black Manafort Stone and Kelly · Kashmiri American Council · Syed Ghulam Nabi Fai · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1990-05-01 | Putin's Transition from KGB to St. Petersburg Government: Early Regulatory Personnel Shift Vladimir Putin · Anatoly Sobchak · KGB Personnel · St. Petersburg City Administration | confirmed | |
| 1990-01-01 | Federal Reserve Begins Systematic Dismantling of Glass-Steagall Restrictions Federal Reserve Board · Alan Greenspan · JP Morgan & Co. · Morgan Stanley | confirmed | |
| 1990-01-01 | Hoover Institution Organizational Profile: Leveraging Stanford Prestige for Conservative Policy Legitimacy Hoover Institution · Herbert Hoover · Stanford University · Ronald Reagan · +5 | confirmed | |
| 1990-01-01 | S&L Crisis Lessons Documented But Ignored: Stage Set for 2008 Repeat Financial regulators · U.S. Congress · Banking industry · Economics profession | confirmed |