Systematic Corruption
The Systematic Corruption capture lane traces 858 verified events documenting this mechanism of institutional capture.
| Date | Event | Lanes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1938-01-01 | FHA Underwriting Manual Formalizes Racial Covenants, Physical Segregation Federal Housing Administration · U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | confirmed | |
| 1934-06-27 | Federal Housing Administration Created, Institutionalizes Racial Segregation Federal Housing Administration · Federal Home Loan Bank Board · U.S. Chamber of Commerce | confirmed | |
| 1934-06-16 | Pecora Commission Issues Final Report on Wall Street Corruption Ferdinand Pecora · U.S. Senate Committee on Banking and Currency · Senator Duncan Fletcher | confirmed | |
| 1932-03-02 | Senate Banking Committee Launches Investigation into Wall Street Crash U.S. Senate Committee on Banking and Currency · Senator Peter Norbeck · Senator Duncan Fletcher | confirmed | |
| 1931-07-20 | Albert Fall Enters Prison as First Cabinet Member Incarcerated for Felony Crimes Albert Fall | confirmed | |
| 1930-06-17 | Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act Enacts Corporate Protectionism Despite Economist Warnings Herbert Hoover · Reed Smoot · Willis C. Hawley · U.S. Congress · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1929-10-25 | Albert Fall Convicted of Bribery - First Cabinet Member Imprisoned for Crimes in Office Albert Fall · Edward Doheny | confirmed | |
| 1924-03-28 | Coolidge Fires Daugherty for Refusing to Open Justice Department Files Harry Daugherty · Calvin Coolidge · Warren G. Harding | confirmed | |
| 1923-10-15 | Senate Public Lands Committee Begins Teapot Dome Hearings Under Thomas Walsh Thomas Walsh · Albert Fall | confirmed | |
| 1923-05-30 | Jesse Smith Suicide Exposes Ohio Gang Justice Department Corruption Jesse Smith · Harry Daugherty · Warren G. Harding | confirmed | |
| 1923-02-15 | Charles Forbes Resigns Veterans Bureau Amid Massive Corruption Scandal Charles Forbes · Warren G. Harding · Charles F. Cramer | confirmed | |
| 1922-04-15 | Senate Initiates Investigation of Teapot Dome Secret Oil Leases John Kendrick · Robert La Follette | confirmed | |
| 1921-11-30 | Interior Secretary Albert Fall Receives $100,000 Cash Bribe from Edward Doheny Albert Fall · Edward Doheny | confirmed | |
| 1921-11-23 | Revenue Act of 1921 Begins Mellon Tax Cuts for Wealthy Andrew Mellon · Warren G. Harding · Republican Party | confirmed | |
| 1912-11-05 | Montana Voters Pass Corrupt Practices Act Banning Corporate Political Spending Montana voters · William A. Clark · F. Augustus Heinze · Marcus Daly · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1899-01-01 | Standard Oil Trust Controls 90% of U.S. Oil Refining - Monopoly Power Peak John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Trust · Railroad corporations · Competing refineries · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1898-05-01 | Embalmed Beef Scandal - War Profiteering and McKinley Administration Negligence Russell A. Alger · William McKinley · Armour & Co · Swift & Co · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1896-11-03 | McKinley Victory Establishes Mark Hanna's Corporate Fundraising Model William McKinley · Mark Hanna · Standard Oil · John D. Rockefeller · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1887-07-06 | Armed Militia Forces King Kalakaua to Sign "Bayonet Constitution," Stripping Hawaiian Sovereignty and Disenfranchising Native Hawaiians King Kalakaua · Hawaiian League · Sanford B. Dole · Lorrin Thurston · +5 | confirmed | |
| 1887-02-08 | Dawes Allotment Act Destroys Tribal Land Ownership, Facilitating Loss of 90 Million Acres to White Settlers Senator Henry L. Dawes · U.S. Congress · President Grover Cleveland · Bureau of Indian Affairs · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1882-12-19 | Roscoe Conkling's Fraudulent Argument for Corporate Personhood in San Mateo County v. Southern Pacific Roscoe Conkling · U.S. Supreme Court · Southern Pacific Railroad · San Mateo County · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1881-07-02 | Charles Guiteau Shoots President Garfield Over Patronage Denial James A. Garfield · Charles J. Guiteau · Chester A. Arthur · James Blaine | confirmed | |
| 1881-04-01 | Garfield Launches Investigation of Star Route Postal Fraud Scheme James A. Garfield · Thomas J. Brady · Stephen W. Dorsey · Chester A. Arthur · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1879-10-01 | Carlisle Indian Industrial School Opens With "Kill the Indian, Save the Man" Mission of Cultural Genocide Lieutenant Richard Henry Pratt · U.S. government · U.S. War Department · Bureau of Indian Affairs | confirmed | |
| 1877-02-28 | Congress Seizes Black Hills With Only 10% Sioux Consent, Violating Fort Laramie Treaty Requirement for 75% Approval U.S. Congress · Sioux Nation · Lakota people · President Ulysses S. Grant | confirmed | |
| 1876-07-08 | Hamburg Massacre: Red Shirts Murder Black Militia to Suppress Voting Red Shirts · Benjamin Tillman · Wade Hampton III · Matthew Butler · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1876-03-02 | War Secretary Belknap Impeached for Selling Military Post Traderships William W. Belknap · Ulysses S. Grant · Caleb Marsh · Hiester Clymer · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1875-01-01 | Carnegie Opens Edgar Thomson Steel Works - Introduces Bessemer Process at Scale Andrew Carnegie · Edgar Thomson Steel Works | confirmed | |
| 1874-01-20 | Congress Repeals Salary Grab Act After Public Outrage Over Corruption U.S. Congress · Ulysses S. Grant · Elihu Washburne | confirmed | |
| 1873-11-19 | Boss Tweed Convicted After Second Trial William "Boss" Tweed · New York Court System · David Dudley Field II (Defense) · Elihu Root | confirmed | |
| 1873-04-13 | Colfax Massacre: 150 Black Americans Murdered to Overthrow Local Government White Supremacist Militia · Ku Klux Klan · Knights of White Camellia · Grant Parish Black Militia | confirmed | |
| 1873-01-06 | House Launches Credit Mobilier Investigation U.S. House of Representatives · Oakes Ames · James Brooks (Congressman) · Poland Committee | confirmed | |
| 1869-09-24 | Black Friday - Gould and Fisk Gold Corner Attempt Triggers Financial Panic Jay Gould · James Fisk · President Ulysses S. Grant · Abel Corbin · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1868-04-29 | Fort Laramie Treaty Guarantees Black Hills to Sioux in Perpetuity - Later Violated for Gold Rush Sioux Nation · U.S. government · Lakota people · Red Cloud | confirmed | |
| 1865-05-29 | Andrew Johnson Begins Mass Pardons of Confederate Leaders Andrew Johnson · Confederate Leaders · Republican Congress | confirmed | |
| 1862-01-13 | Lincoln's Secretary of War Simon Cameron Resigns Amid Procurement Corruption and Contract Fraud Enabling Profiteering Simon Cameron · Abraham Lincoln · Edwin M. Stanton · Alexander Cummings · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1861-01-01 | Civil War Contractors Defraud Government with Defective Weapons and Shoddy Goods Costing Lives and Millions U.S. War Department · Union Army · War contractors · Shoddy millionaires | confirmed | |
| 1851-03-03 | California Land Act of 1851 Enables Systematic Legal Theft from Mexican Land Grant Holders William M. Gwin · U.S. Congress · Board of Land Commissioners · Californio landowners · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1850-09-18 | Fugitive Slave Act Transforms Federal Government into Kidnapping Apparatus for Slaveholders U.S. Congress · Millard Fillmore · Federal commissioners · Federal marshals · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1848-02-02 | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Promises Land Rights Then Enables Systematic Theft from Mexican Americans U.S. Senate · Mexico · Mexican Americans · U.S. government · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1846-05-13 | Mexican-American War Begins as Deliberate Land Grab for Slavery Expansion James K. Polk · U.S. Congress · Mexico · Whig Party opposition · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1845-01-01 | Manifest Destiny Ideology Provides Racist Justification for Territorial Conquest and Indigenous Genocide John L. O'Sullivan · James K. Polk · U.S. government · Indigenous peoples · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1841-09-13 | Whigs Expel Tyler After Bank Vetoes Reveal States' Rights Corruption Agenda John Tyler · Henry Clay · Whig Party · Cabinet Members | confirmed | |
| 1838-11-01 | Swartwout Embezzles $1.2 Million, Exposing Spoils System Corruption Samuel Swartwout · Andrew Jackson · Martin Van Buren · U.S. Treasury | confirmed | |
| 1835-12-29 | Treaty of New Echota Signed by Unauthorized Cherokee Minority Provides Legal Pretext for Forced Removal Cherokee Nation · John Ross · Treaty Party · U.S. Congress · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1833-10-01 | Nicholas Biddle Deliberately Contracts Credit to Create "Biddle's Panic" and Force Bank Recharter Nicholas Biddle · Second Bank of the United States · Andrew Jackson · Henry Clay · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1829-03-04 | Andrew Jackson Inaugurates Spoils System, Replacing Merit with Political Loyalty Andrew Jackson · Martin Van Buren · William Marcy · Federal civil servants | confirmed | |
| 1822-07-02 | Denmark Vesey Plans Massive Charleston Slave Rebellion, Exposing Institutional Terror Denmark Vesey · African Methodist Episcopal Church · Charleston authorities · Enslaved conspirators | confirmed | |
| 1819-03-06 | McCulloch v. Maryland Establishes Federal Supremacy and Implied Powers, Protecting Second Bank from State Accountability Chief Justice John Marshall · U.S. Supreme Court · Second Bank of the United States · State of Maryland · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1816-04-10 | Second Bank of the United States Chartered, Immediately Plagued by Speculation and Fraud President James Madison · U.S. Congress · Second Bank of the United States · William Jones | confirmed | |
| 1813-07-01 | General James Wilkinson Commands War of 1812 Campaigns While Taking Contractor Kickbacks and Spanish Bribes General James Wilkinson · Spanish Empire · U.S. Army contractors · President James Madison | confirmed | |
| 1800-08-30 | Gabriel's Rebellion Plans Massive Slave Uprising in Virginia, Exposing System's Fragility Gabriel · James Monroe · Virginia militia · Enslaved conspirators | confirmed | |
| 1798-07-07 | Quasi-War Enables Military-Industrial Expansion and Permanent Navy Establishment President John Adams · Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Stoddert · U.S. Congress · George Washington · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1797-10-18 | XYZ Affair Exposes French Diplomatic Bribery Demands and Triggers Quasi-War Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord · Charles Cotesworth Pinckney · John Marshall · Elbridge Gerry · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1795-01-07 | Yazoo Land Fraud Represents Largest Corruption Scandal of Early Republic Georgia Legislature · Governor George Mathews · Senator James Gunn · Four land development companies | confirmed | |
| 1791-02-25 | First Bank of the United States Establishes Financial Elite Capture Pattern Alexander Hamilton · Thomas Jefferson · James Madison · George Washington · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1787-08-29 | Constitutional Convention Adopts Fugitive Slave Clause Requiring Northern Complicity Pierce Butler · Charles Pinckney · James Madison · South Carolina delegates · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1600-01-01 | Pre-Colonial Indigenous Democratic Governance Models Indigenous Governance Networks · Tribal Councils · Haudenosaunee Confederacy · Puebloan Societies | confirmed |