| 1942-07-02 | FDR Proclamation 2561 Creates Military Tribunal for Nazi Saboteurs; Ex parte Quirin Becomes Cited Precedent for Post-9/11 Detention
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Supreme Court · Francis Biddle · J. Edgar Hoover |
| confirmed |
| 1942-02-19 | Executive Order 9066 as Executive-Power Template: FDR's Internment Authority Predicate for 2001 Detention Architecture
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · Francis Biddle · Earl Warren |
| confirmed |
| 1942-02-19 | Executive Order 9066 Authorizes Japanese American Internment
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. War Department |
| confirmed |
| 1939-04-03 | Reorganization Act of 1939: FDR Creates Executive Office of the President, Permanent Staff Infrastructure of Modern Presidency
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1937-02-05 | FDR Court-Packing Plan: Executive Assault on Judicial Independence Establishes Permanent Template
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · Homer Cummings |
| confirmed |
| 1936-12-21 | United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export: Sutherland Invents 'Sole Organ' Doctrine of Presidential Foreign-Affairs Supremacy
3 src U.S. Supreme Court · George Sutherland · Franklin D. Roosevelt · John Marshall |
| confirmed |
| 1935-05-27 | Humphrey's Executor v. United States: Supreme Court Limits Presidential Removal Power, Establishes Constitutional Predicate for Independent Agencies
3 src U.S. Supreme Court · George Sutherland · Franklin D. Roosevelt · Federal Trade Commission |
| confirmed |
| 1934-06-19 | Office of Legal Counsel Established in DOJ Reorganization; Becomes Binding Interpreter of Executive Authority
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · Homer Cummings · U.S. Department of Justice |
| confirmed |
| 1933-03-09 | FDR Invokes Trading with the Enemy Act in Peacetime for Bank Holiday: Wilson-Era Wartime Statute Becomes Domestic Emergency Instrument
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1926-10-25 | Myers v. United States: Taft Court Reads Presidential Removal Power Into Article II, Predicate for Later Unitary-Executive Claims
3 src U.S. Supreme Court · William Howard Taft · Woodrow Wilson · Louis Brandeis |
| confirmed |
| 1917-06-15 | Wilson-Era Wartime Executive Architecture: Espionage Act, War Powers Statutes Build Permanent Emergency-Authority Template
3 src Woodrow Wilson · Herbert Hoover · U.S. Congress · Department of Justice |
| confirmed |
| 1890-12-29 | Wounded Knee Massacre - U.S. 7th Cavalry Kills 250+ Lakota, Primarily Women and Children, Ending Ghost Dance Movement
3 src U.S. War Department |
| confirmed |
| 1876-03-02 | War Secretary Belknap Impeached for Selling Military Post Traderships
4 src Ulysses S. Grant · U.S. House of Representatives |
| confirmed |
| 1875-05-10 | Whiskey Ring Scandal: Treasury Officials Steal Millions in Tax Revenue
4 src Ulysses S. Grant · U.S. Treasury Department |
| confirmed |
| 1874-07-02 | Custer's Black Hills Expedition Violates Fort Laramie Treaty, Discovering Gold and Triggering Rush to Sioux Sacred Lands
3 src U.S. Army · Sioux Nation · Ulysses S. Grant |
| confirmed |
| 1873-04-14 | Slaughterhouse Cases Gut Fourteenth Amendment Protections
3 src U.S. Supreme Court · Louisiana Legislature |
| confirmed |
| 1871-04-20 | Ku Klux Klan Act Authorizes Federal Suppression of Terrorist Violence
4 src Ulysses S. Grant · Ku Klux Klan |
| confirmed |
| 1868-07-09 | Fourteenth Amendment Ratified: Corporate Hijacking Begins
3 src U.S. Congress · Louisiana Legislature · South Carolina Legislature |
| confirmed |
| 1868-04-29 | Fort Laramie Treaty Guarantees Black Hills to Sioux in Perpetuity - Later Violated for Gold Rush
3 src Sioux Nation · U.S. government |
| confirmed |
| 1868-02-24 | Andrew Johnson Impeached for Obstructing Reconstruction
4 src Andrew Johnson · U.S. House of Representatives |
| confirmed |
| 1866-02-19 | Johnson Vetoes Freedmen's Bureau Expansion, Sabotaging Reconstruction
4 src Andrew Johnson · Republican Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1865-05-29 | Andrew Johnson Begins Mass Pardons of Confederate Leaders
4 src Andrew Johnson · Republican Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1864-11-29 | Sand Creek Massacre - Colorado Militia Slaughters 150 Peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho Under Protection Flag
3 src |
| confirmed |