Regulatory Capture
The Regulatory Capture capture lane traces 1534 verified events documenting this mechanism of institutional capture.
| Date | Event | Lanes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1905-01-30 | Supreme Court Rules Against Beef Trust, Establishes Stream of Commerce Doctrine U.S. Supreme Court · Swift & Company · Armour & Company · Theodore Roosevelt · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1904-03-14 | Supreme Court Orders Northern Securities Dissolution in First Major Antitrust Victory U.S. Supreme Court · Theodore Roosevelt · J.P. Morgan · James J. Hill · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1903-02-19 | Roosevelt Signs Elkins Act Prohibiting Railroad Rebates and Price Discrimination Theodore Roosevelt · Senator Stephen B. Elkins · Interstate Commerce Commission · Pennsylvania Railroad · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1903-02-14 | Roosevelt Creates Bureau of Corporations and Department of Commerce and Labor Theodore Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · George B. Cortelyou · James Rudolph Garfield · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1902-11-01 | Ida Tarbell Begins "The History of the Standard Oil Company" in McClure's Magazine Ida Tarbell · McClure's Magazine · Standard Oil Company · John D. Rockefeller | confirmed | |
| 1902-05-01 | Justice Department Files Antitrust Suit Against Beef Trust Monopoly Theodore Roosevelt · Attorney General Philander Knox · Swift & Company · Armour & Company · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1902-02-19 | Roosevelt Announces Northern Securities Antitrust Suit Against J.P. Morgan Railroad Trust Theodore Roosevelt · Attorney General Philander Knox · J.P. Morgan · James J. Hill · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1901-03-10 | Carnegie Sells to J.P. Morgan: U.S. Steel Becomes First Billion-Dollar Corporation Andrew Carnegie · J.P. Morgan · U.S. Steel Corporation · Carnegie Steel Corporation | confirmed | |
| 1901-02-26 | U.S. Steel Formation - Morgan Creates First Billion-Dollar Trust J.P. Morgan · Andrew Carnegie · Charles Schwab · Elbert Gary · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1901-02-25 | U.S. Steel Corporation Formed - First Billion-Dollar Corporation in History J.P. Morgan · Andrew Carnegie · Charles Schwab · U.S. Steel Corporation · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1899-01-01 | Standard Oil Trust Controls 90% of U.S. Oil Refining - Monopoly Power Peak John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Trust · Railroad corporations · Competing refineries · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1895-01-21 | U.S. v. E.C. Knight: Supreme Court Shields Sugar Trust and Eviscerates Antitrust Law U.S. Supreme Court · Melville Fuller · American Sugar Refining Company · E.C. Knight Company · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1892-07-01 | Carnegie Steel Company Formed Through Massive Vertical Integration Consolidation Andrew Carnegie · Henry Clay Frick · Carnegie Steel Company | confirmed | |
| 1892-01-04 | Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta Railroad v. Gibbes: Corporate Personhood Reaffirmed U.S. Supreme Court · Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta Railroad Company · South Carolina Legislature · State Railroad Commission | confirmed | |
| 1890-07-02 | Sherman Antitrust Act Passed but Designed for Non-Enforcement Against Monopolies Senator John Sherman · President Benjamin Harrison · U.S. Congress | confirmed | |
| 1887-10-27 | Sugar Trust Formation: Henry Havemeyer Consolidates 75% of Sugar Refining Henry Osborne Havemeyer · Sugar Refineries Company · American Sugar Refining Company | confirmed | |
| 1887-02-04 | Interstate Commerce Act: First Federal Regulatory Response to Corporate Monopoly U.S. Congress · Interstate Commerce Commission · Granger Movement · Railroad Industry · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1886-10-25 | Wabash v. Illinois: Supreme Court Shields Interstate Monopolies from Regulation U.S. Supreme Court · Wabash Railroad · Illinois Legislature · Interstate Commerce | confirmed | |
| 1886-03-25 | Railroad Commission Cases: State Regulation Affirmed with Corporate Property Rights Caveat U.S. Supreme Court · Mississippi Legislature · Farmers' Loan & Trust Company · Mobile & Ohio Railroad Company · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1882-01-02 | Standard Oil Trust Formed - First Modern Corporate Monopoly Structure John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company · Henry Flagler · Samuel C. T. Dodd · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1881-04-01 | Garfield Launches Investigation of Star Route Postal Fraud Scheme James A. Garfield · Thomas J. Brady · Stephen W. Dorsey · Chester A. Arthur · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1879-01-01 | Standard Oil Attorney Develops Trust Legal Innovation to Circumvent Anti-Monopoly Laws Samuel C. T. Dodd · John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company | confirmed | |
| 1877-03-01 | Munn v. Illinois: Supreme Court Affirms Public Power to Regulate Monopolies U.S. Supreme Court · Morrison Waite · National Grange · Illinois Legislature · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1872-09-04 | Credit Mobilier Scandal: The Birth of the Gilded Age Oakes Ames · Schuyler Colfax · Union Pacific Railroad · Credit Mobilier of America · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1872-02-17 | Cleveland Massacre - Rockefeller Consolidates Oil Refining Monopoly in Six Weeks John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company · Henry Flagler · South Improvement Company | confirmed | |
| 1870-01-10 | Standard Oil Company Incorporated in Ohio by John D. Rockefeller John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company · Henry Flagler · Samuel Andrews · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1868-03-04 | Erie War Escalates - Gould and Fisk Flee to Jersey with $7 Million in Watered Stock Jay Gould · James Fisk · Daniel Drew · Cornelius Vanderbilt · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1867-01-01 | Vanderbilt Consolidates New York Central Railroad - Creates First Giant Railroad System Cornelius Vanderbilt · New York Central Railroad · Hudson River Railroad · Harlem Railroad | confirmed | |
| 1866-02-19 | Johnson Vetoes Freedmen's Bureau Expansion, Sabotaging Reconstruction Andrew Johnson · Lyman Trumbull · Republican Congress · Freedmen's Bureau | confirmed | |
| 1849-01-24 | California Gold Rush Enables Massive Land Speculation Fraud and Corruption Schemes Palmer (San Francisco banker) · Pio Pico · Peralta family · California state government | confirmed | |
| 1837-05-10 | Panic of 1837 Begins as Banks Refuse Specie Conversion, Triggering Five-Year Depression Martin Van Buren · Andrew Jackson · New York banks · State banks · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1836-07-11 | Jackson Issues Specie Circular Requiring Hard Money for Land Purchases, Triggering Credit Contraction Andrew Jackson · Levi Woodbury · Martin Van Buren · U.S. Treasury Department · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1834-03-28 | Senate Censures Jackson for Pet Banks Scheme and Constitutional Overreach Andrew Jackson · Henry Clay · Roger Taney · William Duane · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1819-01-01 | Panic of 1819 Erupts from Second Bank Speculation and Baltimore Branch Fraud Second Bank of the United States · William Jones · Langdon Cheves · Baltimore branch directors | confirmed |