| 1933-05-18 | Tennessee Valley Authority Created as Public Power Alternative to Private Utility Monopolies
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1933-03-09 | Emergency Banking Act Passes in Eight Hours to Stabilize Collapsing Banking System
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · Federal Reserve · Banking industry |
| confirmed |
| 1933-03-06 | FDR Declares National Bank Holiday, Closing All Banks to Stop Collapse of Financial System
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · Banking industry · Federal Reserve |
| confirmed |
| 1931-06-01 | Banking Crisis Accelerates with 2,300 Bank Failures in 1931 as Hoover Resists Federal Intervention
4 src Herbert Hoover · Federal Reserve | | confirmed |
| 1929-08-01 | Investment Trust Leverage Pyramids Reach Unsustainable Peak
3 src Goldman Sachs · Federal Reserve | | confirmed |
| 1929-02-02 | Federal Reserve Warns Against Speculation But Takes No Effective Action
3 src Federal Reserve Board · Andrew Mellon · National City Bank | | confirmed |
| 1928-01-01 | Margin Buying Explosion Enables Rampant Stock Market Speculation
3 src Federal Reserve · Goldman Sachs | | confirmed |
| 1927-04-11 | Supreme Court Applies Antitrust Law to Union Secondary Boycotts in Bedford Cut Stone
3 src George Sutherland · U.S. Supreme Court |
| confirmed |
| 1927-02-25 | McFadden Act Perpetuates Banking Fragmentation, Prohibits Interstate Branching
3 src Calvin Coolidge · U.S. Congress · Federal Reserve | | confirmed |
| 1927-02-23 | Radio Act of 1927 Establishes Public Ownership of Airwaves and "Public Interest" Broadcasting Standard
4 src Calvin Coolidge · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1925-05-25 | Supreme Court Reverses Coronado Decision, Opens Unions to Antitrust Liability
3 src William Howard Taft · U.S. Supreme Court · United Mine Workers of America |
| confirmed |
| 1925-01-01 | Florida Land Boom Epitomizes Unregulated Speculation and Securities Fraud
3 src Florida Legislature | | confirmed |
| 1922-11-01 | Scripps-McRae League Renamed Scripps-Howard as Second-Largest Newspaper Chain Consolidates Power
4 src |
| confirmed |
| 1922-06-05 | Supreme Court Rules Unincorporated Unions Can Be Sued in Coronado Coal Case
3 src William Howard Taft · U.S. Supreme Court · United Mine Workers of America |
| confirmed |
| 1922-04-07 | Albert Fall Secretly Grants Teapot Dome Oil Reserve to Harry Sinclair Without Competitive Bidding
3 src Albert Fall | | confirmed |
| 1922-01-01 | Holding Company Proliferation Enables Corporate Consolidation and Regulatory Evasion
3 src J.P. Morgan | | confirmed |
| 1921-05-31 | Harding Transfers Naval Oil Reserves to Interior Department
3 src Warren G. Harding · Albert Fall | | confirmed |
| 1921-01-03 | Supreme Court Guts Clayton Act Labor Protections in Duplex Printing Decision
3 src U.S. Supreme Court |
| confirmed |
| 1920-06-05 | Jones Act Establishes Shipping Protectionism Still Harming Consumers Today
3 src U.S. Congress · Woodrow Wilson | | confirmed |
| 1920-06-01 | Farm Crisis Begins as Agricultural Prices Collapse While Debt Remains
3 src Andrew Mellon · Federal Reserve · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1920-03-01 | Supreme Court Dismisses U.S. Steel Antitrust Case, Ruling Size Alone Not Illegal - Enforcement Ends Until 1945
4 src U.S. Supreme Court · U.S. Steel Corporation |
| confirmed |
| 1920-01-01 | Hearst Newspaper Empire Reaches 28 Papers Controlling One in Four American Readers Through Yellow Journalism Tactics
4 src |
| confirmed |
| 1919-07-27 | Red Summer: Chicago Race Riot Erupts as White Mobs Attack Black Neighborhoods, 38 Killed
3 src Chicago Police Department |
| confirmed |
| 1917-11-05 | Buchanan v. Warley: Supreme Court Strikes Down Racial Zoning, Property Rights Trump Civil Rights
3 src Supreme Court of the United States · NAACP |
| confirmed |
| 1917-06-08 | Speculator Mine Fire Kills 168 Workers: Anaconda Safety Failures Trigger Butte Strike and Repression
3 src Anaconda Copper Mining Company · Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) |
| confirmed |
| 1914-10-15 | Clayton Antitrust Act Signed: Labor Unions Exempted from Antitrust Laws, Gompers Calls It Labor's Magna Carta
4 src Woodrow Wilson · Samuel Gompers · American Federation of Labor |
| confirmed |
| 1914-09-26 | Wilson Signs Federal Trade Commission Act, Creating Expert Antitrust Enforcement Agency
4 src Woodrow Wilson · Federal Trade Commission · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1913-12-23 | Federal Reserve Act Creates Central Banking System: Wilson Signs Compromise Between Private Bank Control and Government Oversight
3 src Woodrow Wilson · J.P. Morgan |
| confirmed |
| 1912-06-13 | DuPont Powder Trust Ordered Dissolved, But Family Control and Geographic Proximity Limit Effectiveness
5 src | | confirmed |
| 1911-05-29 | Supreme Court Orders American Tobacco Breakup, Applying Rule of Reason to Tobacco Trust
6 src U.S. Supreme Court · Chief Justice Edward White · American Tobacco Company |
| confirmed |
| 1911-05-15 | Standard Oil Breakup's Paradox - Rockefeller's Wealth Triples as Fragmented Companies Reconsolidate
9 src John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company · U.S. Supreme Court | | confirmed |
| 1911-05-15 | Supreme Court Orders Standard Oil Breakup in Landmark Antitrust Decision
4 src U.S. Supreme Court · John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company · Chief Justice Edward White |
| confirmed |
| 1911-03-25 | Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Kills 146, Exposes Corporate Negligence
6 src Frances Perkins |
| confirmed |
| 1910-06-18 | Mann-Elkins Act Strengthens Railroad Regulation, Expands ICC Authority to Telecommunications
3 src William Howard Taft · Interstate Commerce Commission |
| confirmed |
| 1909-03-04 | Roosevelt Leaves Office After 44 Antitrust Suits, Revealing Progressive Era Reform Limits
3 src Theodore Roosevelt · William Howard Taft · J.P. Morgan · U.S. Department of Justice · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1907-11-02 | Roosevelt Approves U.S. Steel Acquisition of Tennessee Coal & Iron During Panic, Exposing Reform Limits
3 src Theodore Roosevelt · J.P. Morgan · Henry Clay Frick · U.S. Steel Corporation | | confirmed |
| 1907-07-19 | Roosevelt Justice Department Files Antitrust Suit Against American Tobacco Trust
3 src Theodore Roosevelt · U.S. Department of Justice · American Tobacco Company |
| confirmed |
| 1906-06-30 | Roosevelt Signs Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act
3 src Theodore Roosevelt · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1906-06-29 | Roosevelt Signs Hepburn Act Creating First True Federal Regulatory Agency
4 src Theodore Roosevelt · Interstate Commerce Commission · Railroad companies · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1905-01-30 | Supreme Court Rules Against Beef Trust, Establishes Stream of Commerce Doctrine
3 src U.S. Supreme Court · Theodore Roosevelt · Attorney General Philander Knox |
| confirmed |
| 1904-03-14 | Supreme Court Orders Northern Securities Dissolution in First Major Antitrust Victory
5 src U.S. Supreme Court · Theodore Roosevelt · J.P. Morgan · James J. Hill · +2 |
| confirmed |
| 1903-02-19 | Roosevelt Signs Elkins Act Prohibiting Railroad Rebates and Price Discrimination
3 src Theodore Roosevelt · Interstate Commerce Commission · Railroad companies | | confirmed |
| 1903-02-14 | Roosevelt Creates Bureau of Corporations and Department of Commerce and Labor
3 src Theodore Roosevelt · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1902-11-01 | Ida Tarbell Begins "The History of the Standard Oil Company" in McClure's Magazine
3 src Standard Oil Company · John D. Rockefeller | | confirmed |
| 1902-05-01 | Justice Department Files Antitrust Suit Against Beef Trust Monopoly
3 src Theodore Roosevelt · Attorney General Philander Knox | | confirmed |
| 1902-02-19 | Roosevelt Announces Northern Securities Antitrust Suit Against J.P. Morgan Railroad Trust
3 src Theodore Roosevelt · Attorney General Philander Knox · J.P. Morgan · James J. Hill · +2 | | confirmed |
| 1901-03-10 | Carnegie Sells to J.P. Morgan: U.S. Steel Becomes First Billion-Dollar Corporation
3 src Andrew Carnegie · J.P. Morgan · U.S. Steel Corporation |
| confirmed |
| 1901-02-26 | U.S. Steel Formation - Morgan Creates First Billion-Dollar Trust
3 src J.P. Morgan · Andrew Carnegie · Charles Schwab · John D. Rockefeller | | confirmed |
| 1901-02-25 | U.S. Steel Corporation Formed - First Billion-Dollar Corporation in History
4 src J.P. Morgan · Andrew Carnegie · Charles Schwab · U.S. Steel Corporation · +1 | | confirmed |
| 1899-01-01 | Standard Oil Trust Controls 90% of U.S. Oil Refining - Monopoly Power Peak
3 src John D. Rockefeller |
| confirmed |
| 1895-01-21 | U.S. v. E.C. Knight: Supreme Court Shields Sugar Trust and Eviscerates Antitrust Law
3 src U.S. Supreme Court |
| confirmed |
| 1892-07-01 | Carnegie Steel Company Formed Through Massive Vertical Integration Consolidation
3 src Andrew Carnegie · Henry Clay Frick · Carnegie Steel Company | | confirmed |
| 1892-01-04 | Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta Railroad v. Gibbes: Corporate Personhood Reaffirmed
2 src U.S. Supreme Court · South Carolina Legislature |
| confirmed |
| 1890-07-02 | Sherman Antitrust Act Passed but Designed for Non-Enforcement Against Monopolies
5 src U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1887-10-27 | Sugar Trust Formation: Henry Havemeyer Consolidates 75% of Sugar Refining
3 src |
| confirmed |
| 1887-02-04 | Interstate Commerce Act: First Federal Regulatory Response to Corporate Monopoly
3 src U.S. Congress · Interstate Commerce Commission |
| confirmed |
| 1886-10-25 | Wabash v. Illinois: Supreme Court Shields Interstate Monopolies from Regulation
3 src U.S. Supreme Court · Illinois Legislature |
| confirmed |
| 1886-03-25 | Railroad Commission Cases: State Regulation Affirmed with Corporate Property Rights Caveat
3 src U.S. Supreme Court |
| confirmed |
| 1882-01-02 | Standard Oil Trust Formed - First Modern Corporate Monopoly Structure
5 src John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company · Henry Flagler | | confirmed |
| 1881-04-01 | Garfield Launches Investigation of Star Route Postal Fraud Scheme
3 src Chester A. Arthur |
| confirmed |
| 1879-01-01 | Standard Oil Attorney Develops Trust Legal Innovation to Circumvent Anti-Monopoly Laws
4 src John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company | | confirmed |
| 1877-03-01 | Munn v. Illinois: Supreme Court Affirms Public Power to Regulate Monopolies
5 src U.S. Supreme Court · Illinois Legislature |
| confirmed |
| 1872-09-04 | Credit Mobilier Scandal: The Birth of the Gilded Age
5 src |
| confirmed |
| 1872-02-17 | Cleveland Massacre - Rockefeller Consolidates Oil Refining Monopoly in Six Weeks
4 src John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company · Henry Flagler | | confirmed |
| 1870-01-10 | Standard Oil Company Incorporated in Ohio by John D. Rockefeller
4 src John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company · Henry Flagler | | confirmed |
| 1868-03-04 | Erie War Escalates - Gould and Fisk Flee to Jersey with $7 Million in Watered Stock
4 src Jay Gould | | confirmed |
| 1867-01-01 | Vanderbilt Consolidates New York Central Railroad - Creates First Giant Railroad System
3 src | | confirmed |
| 1866-02-19 | Johnson Vetoes Freedmen's Bureau Expansion, Sabotaging Reconstruction
4 src Andrew Johnson · Republican Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1849-01-24 | California Gold Rush Enables Massive Land Speculation Fraud and Corruption Schemes
3 src | | confirmed |
| 1837-05-10 | Panic of 1837 Begins as Banks Refuse Specie Conversion, Triggering Five-Year Depression
6 src Martin Van Buren · Andrew Jackson · State banks · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1836-07-11 | Jackson Issues Specie Circular Requiring Hard Money for Land Purchases, Triggering Credit Contraction
3 src Andrew Jackson · Martin Van Buren · U.S. Treasury Department · Land speculators | | confirmed |
| 1834-03-28 | Senate Censures Jackson for Pet Banks Scheme and Constitutional Overreach
3 src Andrew Jackson · Henry Clay · U.S. Senate | | confirmed |
| 1819-01-01 | Panic of 1819 Erupts from Second Bank Speculation and Baltimore Branch Fraud
3 src Second Bank of the United States | | confirmed |