| 1981-01-01 | Corporate Tax Avoidance Explosion: Reagan Loopholes Slash Corporate Revenue
3 src Ronald Reagan · Corporate America · Internal Revenue Service · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1980-07-01 | Carter Signs Motor Carrier Act, Completing Bipartisan Transportation Deregulation
2 src Jimmy Carter · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1980-03-17 | Refugee Act of 1980 Establishes Systematic Asylum Process, Becomes Target of Enforcement Capture
3 src Jimmy Carter · Edward Kennedy · U.S. Congress · United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1980-01-01 | NLRB Systemic Underfunding and Weak Enforcement Enables Corporate Union-Busting
3 src National Labor Relations Board · U.S. Congress · Reagan Administration |
| confirmed |
| 1978-10-25 | Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act as Executive-Power Bargain: Statutory Authorization in Exchange for Court Review Becomes Template
3 src Jimmy Carter · Edward Kennedy · Frank Church · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1978-10-05 | Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy Established, Framework for 1986 Reform
3 src Jimmy Carter · U.S. Congress · Alan Simpson |
| confirmed |
| 1978-08-11 | American Indian Religious Freedom Act Passes Without Enforcement Mechanisms, Proving Ineffective at Protecting Sacred Sites
3 src U.S. Congress · Jimmy Carter · Bureau of Indian Affairs · Native American Tribes |
| confirmed |
| 1977-12-28 | International Emergency Economic Powers Act: Carter-Era Statute Becomes Principal Modern Instrument of Unilateral Economic Action
3 src Jimmy Carter · Clement Zablocki · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1976-09-14 | National Emergencies Act: Congress Attempts to Catalogue and Constrain 470 Executive Emergency Powers
3 src Frank Church · Gerald Ford · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1975-08-06 | Voting Rights Act Extension of 1975: Expands Protection to Language Minorities Including Latino, Asian, and Native American Voters
3 src Gerald Ford · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1974-12-30 | Hughes-Ryan Amendment: Congress Requires Presidential Findings for Covert Action, Ends Plausible-Deniability Era
3 src Gerald Ford · Central Intelligence Agency · William Colby · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1974-10-28 | Equal Credit Opportunity Act and RESPA Pass After Industry Lobbying Weakens Enforcement
3 src U.S. Congress · Gerald Ford · American Bankers Association · Federal Reserve |
| confirmed |
| 1974-10-15 | FECA Amendments Enable Corporate PAC Formation, Triggering 1,600% Growth
2 src U.S. Congress · Federal Election Commission |
| confirmed |
| 1974-09-02 | ERISA Enacted, Establishing Federal Preemption of State Employee Benefit Regulation
3 src U.S. Congress · Gerald Ford |
| confirmed |
| 1974-07-12 | Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act: Congress Strips Nixon's Unilateral Authority to Withhold Appropriated Funds
3 src Richard Nixon · U.S. Congress · Sam Ervin · Edmund Muskie |
| confirmed |
| 1973-11-07 | War Powers Resolution Enacted Over Nixon Veto: Congress Attempts to Reclaim Authority After Cambodia Bombing
3 src Richard Nixon · U.S. Congress · Clement Zablocki |
| confirmed |
| 1972-08-22 | Case-Zablocki Act: Congress Requires Reporting of Executive Agreements, Partial Reassertion of Senate Treaty Power
3 src Clement Zablocki · Richard Nixon · Henry Kissinger · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1970-12-29 | Occupational Safety and Health Act Creates OSHA After Decades of Industry Opposition to Workplace Safety
3 src Richard Nixon · U.S. Congress · AFL-CIO · National Association of Manufacturers · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1970-06-22 | Voting Rights Act Extension of 1970: Nationwide Literacy Test Ban and Voting Age Lowered to 18
3 src Richard Nixon · U.S. Congress · Emanuel Celler · John Mitchell |
| confirmed |
| 1969-12-01 | Draft Lottery Reform Attempts to Address Class Inequality After College Deferments Shield Wealthy from Vietnam Service
3 src U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1969-07-17 | Nixon Administration Articulates Comprehensive Executive-Supremacy Doctrine: Impoundment, Secret Bombing, Pocket Vetoes, Surveillance
3 src Richard Nixon · John Mitchell · Henry Kissinger · William Rehnquist · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1967-12-15 | Age Discrimination in Employment Act Protects Workers Over 40 from Job Discrimination
3 src Lyndon B. Johnson · U.S. Congress · U.S. Chamber of Commerce |
| confirmed |
| 1965-04-11 | Elementary and Secondary Education Act Establishes Federal Role in Education Funding
3 src Lyndon B. Johnson · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1964-12-31 | Bracero Program Ends After 22 Years - Farm Wages Immediately Jump 40%
3 src U.S. Congress · United Farm Workers | | confirmed |
| 1964-08-10 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Signed: LBJ Receives Advance Blank-Check War Authorization, Template for Post-9/11 AUMF
3 src Lyndon B. Johnson · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1964-08-07 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Passes Based on Fabricated Second Attack Authorizing Vietnam War Escalation
4 src Lyndon B. Johnson · Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara · National Security Agency · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1964-01-23 | 24th Amendment Ratified Abolishing Poll Tax in Federal Elections After Decades of Voter Suppression
2 src U.S. Congress · State Legislatures | | confirmed |
| 1963-12-17 | Clean Air Act of 1963 Establishes First Federal Air Pollution Control Despite Industry Opposition
5 src John F. Kennedy · Lyndon B. Johnson · U.S. Congress · American Petroleum Institute · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1960-05-06 | Civil Rights Act of 1960: Voting Referees and Criminal Penalties Still Prove Inadequate Against Southern Resistance
3 src Dwight D. Eisenhower · U.S. Congress · Lyndon B. Johnson · Southern Democrats · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1959-09-14 | Landrum-Griffin Act Imposes Federal Restrictions on Union Internal Operations
3 src U.S. Congress · U.S. Department of Labor · Labor unions |
| confirmed |
| 1959-01-01 | Congress Holds 25 Hearings on Pentagon Revolving Door, General Bradley Testifies Against Contractor Influence
3 src U.S. Congress · U.S. Department of Defense · Defense contractors |
| confirmed |
| 1957-09-09 | Civil Rights Act of 1957: First Federal Voting Rights Law Since Reconstruction Passes Despite Southern Filibuster
3 src Dwight D. Eisenhower · Lyndon B. Johnson · Strom Thurmond · Richard Russell · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1956-06-29 | Federal-Aid Highway Act Creates Interstate System, Enables Destruction of Black Urban Neighborhoods
3 src Dwight D. Eisenhower · U.S. Congress · General Motors · American Petroleum Institute |
| confirmed |
| 1954-09-01 | Communist Control Act Bans Party Members from Union Leadership, Weaponizing Anti-Communism Against Labor
3 src U.S. Congress · Dwight D. Eisenhower · House Un-American Activities Committee · American Federation of Labor · +1 | | confirmed |
| 1954-08-02 | Housing Act of 1954 Expands Urban Renewal, Intensifies Destruction of Black Communities
3 src Dwight D. Eisenhower · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1952-06-27 | McCarran-Walter Act Imposes Racialized Immigration Quotas Over Truman Veto - 85% for Europeans
3 src Harry S. Truman · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1950-12-29 | Celler-Kefauver Act Closes Merger Loopholes, Strengthens Government Power to Block Anticompetitive Consolidation
4 src U.S. Congress · Emanuel Celler · Estes Kefauver · Harry Truman · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1950-09-23 | McCarran Internal Security Act Passes Over Truman Veto, Requires Communist Registration
3 src Harry Truman · U.S. Congress · House Un-American Activities Committee · Department of Justice · +2 |
| confirmed |
| 1950-09-08 | Defense Production Act Institutionalizes Korean War Industrial Mobilization, Defense Budget Quadruples to $50 Billion
3 src Harry Truman · Boeing · Lockheed · General Electric · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1950-06-27 | Truman Commits U.S. Forces to Korean War by Executive Action Alone, Establishing 'Police Action' Precedent
3 src Harry S. Truman · Dean Acheson · Robert Taft · U.S. Congress · +1 | | confirmed |
| 1949-07-15 | Housing Act of 1949 Creates Urban Renewal Program, Becomes "Negro Removal"
3 src U.S. Congress · Harry Truman | | confirmed |
| 1949-06-01 | FCC Establishes Fairness Doctrine Requiring Broadcasters to Present Balanced Coverage of Controversial Issues
7 src Federal Communications Commission · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1949-04-04 | NATO Established - 12 Nations Form Collective Defense Pact, $1.4 Billion Defense Buildup Begins
3 src Harry S. Truman · U.S. Congress · North Atlantic Treaty Organization | | confirmed |
| 1948-04-03 | Marshall Plan Begins - $13 Billion Aid Program Benefits American Exporters and Defense Industry
3 src Harry S. Truman · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1948-01-27 | Smith-Mundt Act Authorizes State Department Propaganda Apparatus - Voice of America Expands
3 src Harry S. Truman · U.S. Congress · State Department · Voice of America |
| confirmed |
| 1947-07-26 | National Security Act Establishes Permanent Warfare State and Military-Industrial Framework
5 src Harry S. Truman · U.S. Congress · U.S. Department of Defense · Central Intelligence Agency · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1947-07-26 | National Security Act: Structural Transfer of Military-Intelligence Policy From Congressional to Executive Control
3 src Harry S. Truman · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1947-06-23 | Taft-Hartley Act Severely Restricts Union Power, Enables State Right-to-Work Laws
3 src Robert Taft · Republican Party · Harry Truman · National Association of Manufacturers · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1947-03-12 | Truman Doctrine Announces $400 Million Military Aid Package - Cold War Containment Policy Begins
3 src Harry S. Truman · U.S. Congress · Dean Acheson | | confirmed |
| 1946-11-09 | Price Controls End After Corporate Decontrol Campaign, Inflation Spikes
3 src Harry Truman · National Association of Manufacturers · U.S. Chamber of Commerce · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1946-08-01 | Atomic Energy Act Creates AEC, Establishes Unprecedented Peacetime Secrecy Regime
3 src U.S. Congress · Harry Truman · General Electric |
| confirmed |
| 1946-06-11 | Administrative Procedure Act Codifies Regulatory Process, Creates Industry Capture Opportunities
3 src U.S. Congress · Harry Truman · American Bar Association · Federal Agencies | | confirmed |
| 1946-02-20 | Employment Act of 1946 Gutted, Full Employment Guarantee Abandoned
3 src U.S. Congress · Harry Truman · National Association of Manufacturers · U.S. Chamber of Commerce · +2 |
| confirmed |
| 1945-09-06 | Truman 21-Point Program Defeated, Corporate Backlash Against New Deal Begins
3 src Harry Truman · U.S. Congress · National Association of Manufacturers · U.S. Chamber of Commerce · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1944-06-22 | GI Bill Passed with Discriminatory State Implementation Enabling Racial Wealth Gap
7 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · American Legion | | confirmed |
| 1943-06-25 | Smith-Connally Act Criminalizes Union Political Contributions, Spawns First PACs
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · Congress of Industrial Organizations · United Mine Workers · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1942-04-28 | Renegotiation Act Enables Limited War Profit Recovery After Corporate Resistance
3 src U.S. Congress · U.S. War Department · Defense contractors · Truman Committee |
| confirmed |
| 1940-10-08 | Excess Profits Tax Passed with Corporate Lobbying Loopholes
3 src U.S. Congress · Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Treasury Department · National Association of Manufacturers · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1940-06-28 | Smith Act Criminalizes Advocacy of Government Overthrow, Enables Political Persecution
3 src U.S. Congress · Department of Justice · Franklin D. Roosevelt | | confirmed |
| 1939-11-04 | Neutrality Act Revised to Allow Arms Sales on Cash-and-Carry Basis, Enabling Corporate War Profits
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · France | | confirmed |
| 1939-08-02 | Hatch Act Restricts Federal Workers' Political Activity After Allegations of WPA Election Interference
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · Federal employees | | confirmed |
| 1939-04-03 | Reorganization Act of 1939: FDR Creates Executive Office of the President, Permanent Staff Infrastructure of Modern Presidency
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1938-06-25 | Fair Labor Standards Act Passes Over Fierce Business and Southern Opposition to Minimum Wage and Child Labor Ban
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · Frances Perkins · Hugo Black · U.S. Congress · +1 | | confirmed |
| 1938-06-16 | Temporary National Economic Committee Launches Comprehensive Investigation of Monopoly and Economic Concentration
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1938-04-29 | FDR Warns Congress That Concentrated Corporate Power Threatens American Democracy with Fascism
2 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1936-06-19 | Robinson-Patman Act Prohibits Price Discrimination to Protect Small Retailers from Chain Store Power
4 src U.S. Congress · Federal Trade Commission |
| confirmed |
| 1935-08-23 | Banking Act of 1935 Restructures Federal Reserve, Reduces Wall Street Influence Over Monetary Policy
2 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · Federal Reserve Board |
| confirmed |
| 1935-08-14 | Social Security Act Creates Federal Retirement and Unemployment Insurance System Over Business Opposition
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · Frances Perkins · U.S. Congress · National Association of Manufacturers · +1 |
| confirmed |
| 1935-07-05 | Wagner Act Establishes Federal Protection for Union Rights and Collective Bargaining
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · National Labor Relations Board · American workers |
| confirmed |
| 1934-06-19 | Communications Act of 1934 Creates FCC and Consolidates Federal Media Regulation Under Public Interest Standard
4 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · Federal Communications Commission | | confirmed |
| 1934-01-30 | Gold Reserve Act Nationalizes Gold Holdings and Devalues Dollar Over Wall Street Opposition
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · Federal Reserve · Wall Street · +1 | | confirmed |
| 1933-06-16 | National Industrial Recovery Act Creates NRA Blue Eagle Program, Enabling Corporate Self-Regulation
9 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · U.S. Chamber of Commerce |
| confirmed |
| 1933-05-18 | Tennessee Valley Authority Created as Public Power Alternative to Private Utility Monopolies
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1933-03-31 | Civilian Conservation Corps Created as First Federal Youth Employment Program
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · U.S. Army · U.S. Department of Labor |
| confirmed |
| 1933-03-09 | Emergency Banking Act Passes in Eight Hours to Stabilize Collapsing Banking System
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress · Federal Reserve · Banking industry |
| confirmed |
| 1933-03-09 | FDR Invokes Trading with the Enemy Act in Peacetime for Bank Holiday: Wilson-Era Wartime Statute Becomes Domestic Emergency Instrument
3 src Franklin D. Roosevelt · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1930-06-17 | Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act Enacts Corporate Protectionism Despite Economist Warnings
3 src Herbert Hoover · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1927-02-25 | McFadden Act Perpetuates Banking Fragmentation, Prohibits Interstate Branching
3 src Calvin Coolidge · U.S. Congress · Federal Reserve | | confirmed |
| 1927-02-23 | Radio Act of 1927 Establishes Public Ownership of Airwaves and "Public Interest" Broadcasting Standard
4 src Calvin Coolidge · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1926-02-26 | Revenue Act of 1926 Slashes Top Tax Rate to 25%, Abolishes Gift Tax in Full Mellon Plan
3 src Andrew Mellon · Calvin Coolidge · U.S. Congress · Republican Party | | confirmed |
| 1924-06-02 | Revenue Act of 1924 Continues Mellon Tax Cuts for Wealthy, Lowers Top Rate to 46%
3 src Andrew Mellon · Calvin Coolidge · U.S. Congress · Republican Party | | confirmed |
| 1924-05-26 | Immigration Act of 1924 Imposes Racist National Origins Quotas Based on Eugenics
3 src Calvin Coolidge · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1922-05-15 | Supreme Court Strikes Down Federal Child Labor Tax as Unconstitutional
3 src William Howard Taft · U.S. Supreme Court · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1921-05-19 | Emergency Quota Act Establishes First Numerical Immigration Limits Based on National Origin
3 src Warren G. Harding · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1920-06-05 | Jones Act Establishes Shipping Protectionism Still Harming Consumers Today
3 src U.S. Congress · Woodrow Wilson | | confirmed |
| 1920-06-01 | Farm Crisis Begins as Agricultural Prices Collapse While Debt Remains
3 src Andrew Mellon · Federal Reserve · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1918-05-16 | Sedition Act of 1918 Expands Espionage Act to Criminalize Anti-Government Speech
4 src U.S. Congress · Woodrow Wilson | | confirmed |
| 1918-01-09 | Wilson Reverses Position and Endorses Women's Suffrage Amendment After Prison Brutality Exposed
3 src Woodrow Wilson · Alice Paul · National Woman's Party · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1917-06-15 | Wilson-Era Wartime Executive Architecture: Espionage Act, War Powers Statutes Build Permanent Emergency-Authority Template
3 src Woodrow Wilson · Herbert Hoover · U.S. Congress · Department of Justice |
| confirmed |
| 1916-09-03 | Adamson Act Establishes Eight-Hour Workday for Railroad Workers
3 src Woodrow Wilson · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1916-09-01 | Keating-Owen Child Labor Act Passed, First Federal Child Labor Restriction
3 src U.S. Congress · Woodrow Wilson | | confirmed |
| 1914-09-26 | Wilson Signs Federal Trade Commission Act, Creating Expert Antitrust Enforcement Agency
4 src Woodrow Wilson · Federal Trade Commission · U.S. Congress |
| confirmed |
| 1913-04-08 | 17th Amendment Ratified: Direct Election of Senators Ends State Legislature Appointments and Deadlock Corruption
3 src U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1913-02-03 | 16th Amendment Ratified: Federal Income Tax Established to Shift Burden from Middle Class to Wealthy
3 src U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1906-06-30 | Roosevelt Signs Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act
3 src Theodore Roosevelt · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1906-06-29 | Roosevelt Signs Hepburn Act Creating First True Federal Regulatory Agency
4 src Theodore Roosevelt · Interstate Commerce Commission · Railroad companies · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1903-02-14 | Roosevelt Creates Bureau of Corporations and Department of Commerce and Labor
3 src Theodore Roosevelt · U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1893-03-03 | Anti-Pinkerton Act: Congress Limits Private Armies After Homestead Violence
3 src U.S. Congress · Pinkerton Detective Agency |
| confirmed |
| 1890-07-02 | Sherman Antitrust Act Passed but Designed for Non-Enforcement Against Monopolies
5 src U.S. Congress | | confirmed |
| 1887-02-08 | Dawes Allotment Act Destroys Tribal Land Ownership, Facilitating Loss of 90 Million Acres to White Settlers
3 src U.S. Congress · Grover Cleveland · Bureau of Indian Affairs |
| confirmed |