#Institutional-Capture
Events indexed under #Institutional-Capture — 507 entries in the record.
| Date | Event | Lanes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1972-05-02 | J. Edgar Hoover Dies in Office After 48 Years, Ending Longest FBI Directorship and Enabling Oversight Possibility J. Edgar Hoover · L. Patrick Gray · Helen Gandy · Clyde Tolson · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1972-02-01 | Phyllis Schlafly Launches STOP ERA Campaign, Pioneering Anti-Feminist Infrastructure Phyllis Schlafly · STOP ERA · Catholic Church · Evangelical Christians · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1971-08-15 | Nixon Ends Gold Standard, Bretton Woods System Collapses Richard Nixon · John Connally · Paul Volcker · Arthur Burns | confirmed | |
| 1971-01-01 | Corporate Lobbying Expansion Begins, Growing From 175 to 2,500 Firms by 1982 U.S. Chamber of Commerce · Corporate America | confirmed | |
| 1968-06-17 | Supreme Court Rules 1866 Civil Rights Act Bans Private Housing Discrimination U.S. Supreme Court · Joseph Lee Jones · Alfred H. Mayer Company | confirmed | |
| 1967-01-01 | Vietnam War Defense Contractor Profiteering Reaches Peak as Congressional Investigations Expose Waste and Corruption RMK-BRJ consortium · Halliburton · Lockheed · Boeing · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1966-08-09 | Dorothy Gautreaux Lawsuit Challenges Chicago Public Housing Segregation Dorothy Gautreaux · Chicago Housing Authority · American Civil Liberties Union · U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | confirmed | |
| 1965-09-09 | HUD Created as Cabinet Department, Inherits FHA Discriminatory Practices President Lyndon B. Johnson · Robert C. Weaver · National Association of Home Builders · National Association of Real Estate Boards | confirmed | |
| 1965-07-30 | Medicare and Medicaid Signed Into Law After Defeating Decades of AMA Opposition and Reagan Propaganda Campaign President Lyndon B. Johnson · President Harry S. Truman · American Medical Association · Ronald Reagan · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1964-08-07 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Passes Based on Fabricated Second Attack Authorizing Vietnam War Escalation President Lyndon B. Johnson · Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara · National Security Agency · U.S. Congress | confirmed | |
| 1964-07-02 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 Passes After Filibuster Defeats Corporate Southern Resistance President Lyndon B. Johnson · Southern Democratic Senators · Richard Russell · Strom Thurmond · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1964-05-01 | Phyllis Schlafly Publishes 'A Choice Not an Echo,' Launching Conservative Movement Infrastructure Phyllis Schlafly · Barry Goldwater · John Birch Society · Republican Party | confirmed | |
| 1961-01-17 | President Eisenhower's Farewell Address Warns Against Military-Industrial Complex Dwight D. Eisenhower · Malcolm Moos · Ralph Williams · Milton Eisenhower | confirmed | |
| 1953-02-09 | Roy Cohn Establishes Blackmail and Intimidation Network Roy Cohn · Joseph McCarthy · J. Edgar Hoover · Federal Bureau of Investigation · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1950-04-07 | NSC-68 Directive Creates Permanent Military-Industrial Establishment - Defense Spending to Triple Harry S. Truman · Paul Nitze · Dean Acheson · George Kennan · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1949-07-15 | Housing Act of 1949 Creates Urban Renewal Program, Becomes "Negro Removal" U.S. Congress · President Harry Truman · Local Redevelopment Agencies | confirmed | |
| 1948-05-03 | Supreme Court Rules Racially Restrictive Housing Covenants Unenforceable U.S. Supreme Court · Chief Justice Fred Vinson · NAACP Legal Defense Fund | confirmed | |
| 1947-10-01 | Levittown Opens as America's First Suburb With Explicit Whites-Only Policy William Levitt · Levitt & Sons · Federal Housing Administration · Veterans Administration | confirmed | |
| 1947-09-18 | James Forrestal Becomes First Defense Secretary, Fusing Wall Street Financial Power with Pentagon James Forrestal · Harry Truman · U.S. Department of Defense · Dillon, Read & Co. | confirmed | |
| 1947-07-26 | National Security Act Establishes Permanent Warfare State and Military-Industrial Framework Harry S. Truman · U.S. Congress · U.S. Department of Defense · Central Intelligence Agency · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1947-06-23 | Anti-Communist Loyalty Oaths and Taft-Hartley Act Weaponized to Crush Labor Movement Robert A. Taft · Fred A. Hartley · CIO · AFL · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1945-11-19 | Truman Proposes National Health Insurance, AMA Mobilizes Unprecedented Opposition Campaign Harry S. Truman · American Medical Association · Morris Fishbein · Robert Taft · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1945-01-03 | HUAC Made Permanent Standing Committee, Institutionalizes Political Persecution U.S. House of Representatives · John Rankin · Martin Dies · House Un-American Activities Committee | confirmed | |
| 1942-12-21 | Anaconda Wire and Cable Indicted for $6 Million Fraud Selling Defective Equipment Anaconda Wire and Cable Company · Department of Justice · Truman Committee · Francis Biddle | confirmed | |
| 1942-09-01 | Committee for Economic Development Founded as Business-Government Policy Coordination Body Committee for Economic Development · Paul G. Hoffman · William Benton · Marion B. Folsom · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1942-01-16 | War Production Board Establishes Corporate-Government Fusion Model Franklin D. Roosevelt · Donald Nelson · War Production Board · Defense contractors · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1938-01-01 | FHA Underwriting Manual Formalizes Racial Covenants, Physical Segregation Federal Housing Administration · U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | confirmed | |
| 1935-01-01 | National Association of Manufacturers Launches Unprecedented Multi-Million Dollar Anti-New Deal Propaganda Campaign National Association of Manufacturers · Robert Lund · Du Pont · General Motors · +4 | confirmed | |
| 1934-11-20 | Marine General Smedley Butler Testifies to Congressional Committee About Wall Street Plot to Overthrow FDR Smedley Butler · McCormack-Dickstein Committee · Gerald MacGuire · J.P. Morgan interests · +3 | confirmed | |
| 1934-08-22 | American Liberty League Founded by Du Pont Family and Corporate Elite to Oppose New Deal Irénée du Pont · John Jacob Raskob · Jouett Shouse · Al Smith · +5 | confirmed | |
| 1934-06-27 | Federal Housing Administration Created, Institutionalizes Racial Segregation Federal Housing Administration · Federal Home Loan Bank Board · U.S. Chamber of Commerce | confirmed | |
| 1933-06-13 | Home Owners' Loan Corporation Created, Establishes Racial Appraisal Framework Home Owners' Loan Corporation · Franklin D. Roosevelt · Federal Home Loan Bank Board · Real estate appraisers | confirmed | |
| 1929-02-02 | Federal Reserve Warns Against Speculation But Takes No Effective Action Federal Reserve Board · Benjamin Strong · Charles Mitchell · Andrew Mellon · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1928-08-27 | Kellogg-Briand Pact Outlaws War While Preserving Imperial Prerogatives Frank Kellogg · Aristide Briand · Calvin Coolidge · U.S. Senate | confirmed | |
| 1927-09-18 | CBS Founded as Radio Broadcasting Oligopoly Takes Shape William Paley · Columbia Phonograph Company · Arthur Judson · Paramount Pictures | confirmed | |
| 1927-01-01 | Company Unions Peak as Welfare Capitalism Undermines Independent Labor Goodyear Tire · U.S. Steel · National Association of Manufacturers · Samuel Gompers | confirmed | |
| 1926-11-15 | NBC Created as RCA Establishes Radio Broadcasting Monopoly David Sarnoff · Radio Corporation of America · General Electric · Westinghouse · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1926-02-26 | Revenue Act of 1926 Slashes Top Tax Rate to 25%, Abolishes Gift Tax in Full Mellon Plan Andrew Mellon · Calvin Coolidge · U.S. Congress · Republican Party | confirmed | |
| 1925-11-14 | D.C. Stephenson Convicted of Murder Exposing Klan Leadership Corruption D.C. Stephenson · Madge Oberholtzer · Indiana Ku Klux Klan · Ed Jackson | confirmed | |
| 1925-08-08 | KKK Marches on Washington at Peak of Institutional Influence Ku Klux Klan · Hiram Evans · D.C. Klan · State Governments | confirmed | |
| 1924-06-02 | Revenue Act of 1924 Continues Mellon Tax Cuts for Wealthy, Lowers Top Rate to 46% Andrew Mellon · Calvin Coolidge · U.S. Congress · Republican Party | confirmed | |
| 1924-05-26 | Immigration Act of 1924 Imposes Racist National Origins Quotas Based on Eugenics Calvin Coolidge · Albert Johnson · David Reed · Madison Grant · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1924-05-10 | Hoover Named Acting Director of Bureau of Investigation, Begins 48-Year Tenure J. Edgar Hoover · Attorney General Harlan Fiske Stone · Bureau of Investigation · Calvin Coolidge | confirmed | |
| 1924-03-28 | Coolidge Fires Daugherty for Refusing to Open Justice Department Files Harry Daugherty · Calvin Coolidge · Warren G. Harding | confirmed | |
| 1924-01-15 | National Industrial Conference Board Coordinates Corporate Anti-Union Propaganda National Industrial Conference Board · National Association of Manufacturers · U.S. Chamber of Commerce · American Plan Association | confirmed | |
| 1923-09-01 | Ku Klux Klan Seizes Control of Indiana State Government D.C. Stephenson · Ed Jackson · Indiana Republican Party · Ku Klux Klan | confirmed | |
| 1923-05-30 | Jesse Smith Suicide Exposes Ohio Gang Justice Department Corruption Jesse Smith · Harry Daugherty · Warren G. Harding | confirmed | |
| 1923-02-15 | Charles Forbes Resigns Veterans Bureau Amid Massive Corruption Scandal Charles Forbes · Warren G. Harding · Charles F. Cramer | confirmed | |
| 1923-01-01 | Edward Bernays Publishes "Crystallizing Public Opinion" Launching Modern PR Industry Edward Bernays · American Tobacco Company · Sigmund Freud | confirmed | |
| 1921-11-23 | Revenue Act of 1921 Begins Mellon Tax Cuts for Wealthy Andrew Mellon · Warren G. Harding · Republican Party | confirmed | |
| 1921-09-15 | DuPont-GM Consolidation Creates Model of Interlocking Corporate Control Pierre du Pont · Alfred P. Sloan · John J. Raskob · DuPont Company · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1921-05-31 | Harding Transfers Naval Oil Reserves to Interior Department Warren G. Harding · Albert Fall · Edwin Denby | confirmed | |
| 1921-05-19 | Emergency Quota Act Establishes First Numerical Immigration Limits Based on National Origin Warren G. Harding · Albert Johnson · U.S. Congress · Immigration Restriction League | confirmed | |
| 1920-06-05 | Jones Act Establishes Shipping Protectionism Still Harming Consumers Today Wesley Jones · U.S. Congress · American Shipping Industry · Woodrow Wilson | confirmed | |
| 1919-11-11 | American Legion Founded with Corporate Backing as Anti-Radical Force Theodore Roosevelt Jr. · Hamilton Fish III · George White · American Legion | confirmed | |
| 1917-07-28 | War Industries Board Established: Bernard Baruch and "Dollar-a-Year Men" Institutionalize Corporate-Government Fusion Bernard Baruch · President Woodrow Wilson · U.S. War Department · Navy Department | confirmed | |
| 1903-10-29 | Anaconda Copper Shuts Down All Montana Operations to Force Legislative Changes Amalgamated Copper Company · Anaconda Copper Mining Company · F. Augustus Heinze · Judge William Clancy · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1903-04-27 | Giles v. Harris: Supreme Court Refuses to Enforce Black Voting Rights Against Alabama Constitution U.S. Supreme Court · Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. · Jackson Giles · Alabama Legislature · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1893-01-17 | U.S. Marines Land in Honolulu, American Businessmen Overthrow Hawaiian Kingdom and Depose Queen Liliuokalani in Illegal Coup Queen Liliuokalani · John L. Stevens · Committee of Safety · Sanford B. Dole · +5 | confirmed | |
| 1890-01-01 | Company Towns and Debt Peonage: Corporate Control of Coal Mining Communities Coal Mining Companies · Coal and Iron Police · Pennsylvania Coal Operators | confirmed | |
| 1887-07-06 | Armed Militia Forces King Kalakaua to Sign "Bayonet Constitution," Stripping Hawaiian Sovereignty and Disenfranchising Native Hawaiians King Kalakaua · Hawaiian League · Sanford B. Dole · Lorrin Thurston · +5 | confirmed | |
| 1886-10-25 | Wabash v. Illinois: Supreme Court Shields Interstate Monopolies from Regulation U.S. Supreme Court · Wabash Railroad · Illinois Legislature · Interstate Commerce | confirmed | |
| 1884-11-04 | Cleveland Election Marks Shift Toward Corporate Campaign Financing Grover Cleveland · James G. Blaine · U.S. Congress | confirmed | |
| 1882-01-02 | Standard Oil Trust Formed - First Modern Corporate Monopoly Structure John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company · Henry Flagler · Samuel C. T. Dodd · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1881-07-02 | Charles Guiteau Shoots President Garfield Over Patronage Denial James A. Garfield · Charles J. Guiteau · Chester A. Arthur · James Blaine | confirmed | |
| 1879-01-01 | Standard Oil Attorney Develops Trust Legal Innovation to Circumvent Anti-Monopoly Laws Samuel C. T. Dodd · John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company | confirmed | |
| 1878-06-18 | Posse Comitatus Act Restricts Federal Military from Domestic Law Enforcement Rutherford B. Hayes · U.S. Congress | confirmed | |
| 1877-06-21 | Black Thursday: Mass Execution of Molly Maguires Based on Pinkerton Infiltration Pinkerton Detective Agency · Franklin B. Gowen · Philadelphia & Reading Railroad · James McParlan · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1877-02-26 | Compromise of 1877: Wormley Agreement Abandons Black Americans Rutherford B. Hayes · Southern Democrats · Northern Republicans · Disenfranchised Black Americans | confirmed | |
| 1876-03-27 | United States v. Cruikshank Guts Federal Civil Rights Enforcement U.S. Supreme Court · Joseph P. Bradley · Colfax Massacre Perpetrators | confirmed | |
| 1876-03-02 | War Secretary Belknap Impeached for Selling Military Post Traderships William W. Belknap · Ulysses S. Grant · Caleb Marsh · Hiester Clymer · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1875-05-10 | Whiskey Ring Scandal: Treasury Officials Steal Millions in Tax Revenue Benjamin H. Bristow · Orville Babcock · Ulysses S. Grant · U.S. Treasury Department · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1874-09-14 | Battle of Liberty Place: White League Stages Armed Coup Against Louisiana Government White League · James Longstreet · William Pitt Kellogg · Ulysses S. Grant · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1874-08-30 | Coushatta Massacre: White League Assassinates Entire Republican Parish Government White League · Dick Coleman · Thomas Floyd · Marshall Twitchell · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1873-04-14 | Slaughterhouse Cases Gut Fourteenth Amendment Protections U.S. Supreme Court · Louisiana Legislature · Crescent City Livestock Company · New Orleans Butchers | confirmed | |
| 1873-01-06 | House Launches Credit Mobilier Investigation U.S. House of Representatives · Oakes Ames · James Brooks (Congressman) · Poland Committee | confirmed | |
| 1872-09-04 | Credit Mobilier Scandal: The Birth of the Gilded Age Oakes Ames · Schuyler Colfax · Union Pacific Railroad · Credit Mobilier of America · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1871-07-08 | New York Times Exposes Tweed Ring with Stolen Records New York Times · George Jones (Publisher) · William "Boss" Tweed · Tammany Hall | confirmed | |
| 1870-01-10 | Standard Oil Company Incorporated in Ohio by John D. Rockefeller John D. Rockefeller · Standard Oil Company · Henry Flagler · Samuel Andrews · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1868-07-09 | Fourteenth Amendment Ratified: Corporate Hijacking Begins U.S. Congress · Louisiana Legislature · South Carolina Legislature · Reconstruction Governments | confirmed | |
| 1868-02-24 | Andrew Johnson Impeached for Obstructing Reconstruction Andrew Johnson · Edwin Stanton · U.S. House of Representatives · Radical Republicans · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1866-02-19 | Johnson Vetoes Freedmen's Bureau Expansion, Sabotaging Reconstruction Andrew Johnson · Lyman Trumbull · Republican Congress · Freedmen's Bureau | confirmed | |
| 1866-01-01 | Alabama Initiates Convict Leasing: Slavery by Another Name Robert Patton (Alabama Governor) · Alabama State Legislature · Coal Mining Companies · Railroad companies | confirmed | |
| 1865-12-24 | Ku Klux Klan Founded as Terrorist Organization to Restore White Supremacy Nathan Bedford Forrest · Confederate Veterans · Calvin E. Jones · John B. Kennedy · +4 | confirmed | |
| 1865-11-24 | Mississippi Enacts First Black Codes: Blueprint for Convict Leasing Mississippi State Legislature · Governor William L. Sharkey · Southern planters | confirmed | |
| 1865-05-29 | Andrew Johnson Begins Mass Pardons of Confederate Leaders Andrew Johnson · Confederate Leaders · Republican Congress | confirmed | |
| 1860-12-20 | South Carolina Secession Launches Confederate States Formation to Preserve Slavery as Explicit Constitutional Foundation Jefferson Davis · Alexander Stephens · South Carolina · Confederate States of America · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1859-10-16 | John Brown's Harpers Ferry Raid Exposes Slave Power's Armed Defense of Institutional Capture John Brown · Robert E. Lee · James Buchanan · U.S. Marines · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1858-08-21 | Lincoln-Douglas Debates Expose Popular Sovereignty as Slavery Expansion Vehicle Abraham Lincoln · Stephen A. Douglas · Republican Party · Democratic Party | confirmed | |
| 1858-01-04 | Kansas Voters Overwhelmingly Reject Lecompton Constitution Despite Buchanan Bribery James Buchanan · Stephen A. Douglas · Kansas voters · Lecompton Convention | confirmed | |
| 1857-03-06 | Dred Scott Decision Demonstrates Supreme Court Capture by Slave Power Through Political Collusion Roger B. Taney · James Buchanan · John Catron · Robert Cooper Grier · +2 | confirmed | |
| 1855-03-30 | Border Ruffians Steal Kansas Election Through Systematic Fraud and Violence David Rice Atchison · Border Ruffians · Franklin Pierce · Kansas Territorial Government | confirmed | |
| 1853-03-04 | Pierce Inauguration Falsely Claims Slavery Question Settled While Planning Expansion Franklin Pierce · Stephen A. Douglas · Democratic Party · Slave Power | confirmed | |
| 1852-11-02 | Pierce Elected in Slave Power Landslide as Whig Party Collapses Over Slavery Franklin Pierce · Winfield Scott · Democratic Party · Whig Party | confirmed | |
| 1846-05-11 | Polk Deceives Congress into War Declaration with False American Blood Claims James K. Polk · Zachary Taylor · U.S. Congress · Abraham Lincoln · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1844-03-01 | Tyler Administration Conducts Secret Texas Annexation Negotiations to Expand Slavery John Tyler · Abel P. Upshur · John C. Calhoun · Isaac Van Zandt | confirmed | |
| 1843-10-16 | Tyler Begins Secret Texas Annexation Talks to Strengthen Slave Power John Tyler · Abel P. Upshur · Isaac Van Zandt · Slave Power | confirmed | |
| 1841-09-13 | Whigs Expel Tyler After Bank Vetoes Reveal States' Rights Corruption Agenda John Tyler · Henry Clay · Whig Party · Cabinet Members | confirmed | |
| 1834-03-28 | Senate Censures Jackson for Pet Banks Scheme and Constitutional Overreach Andrew Jackson · Henry Clay · Roger Taney · William Duane · +1 | confirmed | |
| 1825-02-09 | Corrupt Bargain Elevates Adams to Presidency Through House Backroom Deal John Quincy Adams · Henry Clay · Andrew Jackson · William Crawford · +1 | confirmed |