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All 5255 events

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DateEventActorsLanes
1964-12-31Bracero Program Ends After 22 Years - Farm Wages Immediately Jump 40%
U.S. Congress · United Farm Workers · Labor reformers · +1
4
1964-11-21FBI Mails Anonymous Suicide Letter to Martin Luther King Jr., Weaponizing Surveillance Material
J. Edgar Hoover · William C. Sullivan · Federal Bureau of Investigation · +2
5
1964-11-03AEI Faces IRS Investigation After Baroody's Control of Goldwater Campaign
William J. Baroody Sr. · American Enterprise Institute · Barry Goldwater · +4
7
1964-09-03Wilderness Act Signed After Eight Years of Industry Opposition, Creates National Wilderness Preservation System
President Lyndon B. Johnson · Howard Zahniser · Wilderness Society · +3
6
1964-09-01Segregation Academies Proliferate as White Families Flee Integrated Public Schools With Public Subsidies
White Citizens' Councils · Southern state legislatures · Jerry Falwell Sr. · +1
4
1964-08-10Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Signed: LBJ Receives Advance Blank-Check War Authorization, Template for Post-9/11 AUMF
Lyndon B. Johnson · Wayne Morse · Ernest Gruening · +3
6
1964-08-07Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Passes Based on Fabricated Second Attack Authorizing Vietnam War Escalation
President Lyndon B. Johnson · Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara · National Security Agency · +1
4
1964-07-02Civil Rights Act of 1964 Passes After Filibuster Defeats Corporate Southern Resistance
President Lyndon B. Johnson · Southern Democratic Senators · Richard Russell · +3
6
1964-06-21Mississippi Burning Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner During Freedom Summer Voter Registration
James Chaney · Andrew Goodman · Michael Schwerner · +7
10
1964-06-10Senate Invokes Cloture to End 72-Day Filibuster Against Civil Rights Act for First Time in History
Southern Democratic Caucus · Richard Russell · Robert Byrd · +2
5
1964-05-01Phyllis Schlafly Publishes 'A Choice Not an Echo,' Launching Conservative Movement Infrastructure
Phyllis Schlafly · Barry Goldwater · John Birch Society · +1
4
1964-01-2324th Amendment Ratified Abolishing Poll Tax in Federal Elections After Decades of Voter Suppression
U.S. Congress · State Legislatures · Civil rights movement
3
1964-01-01Goldwater Presidential Campaign Mobilizes Business Coalition and Establishes Conservative Infrastructure
Barry Goldwater · John M. Ashbrook · William A. Rusher · +3
6
1963-12-17Clean Air Act of 1963 Establishes First Federal Air Pollution Control Despite Industry Opposition
President John F. Kennedy · President Lyndon B. Johnson · U.S. Congress · +2
5
1963-10-18Hoover Personally Briefs Johnson with King Sex-Surveillance Dossier, Weaponizing Personal Material Against Civil Rights Leader
J. Edgar Hoover · Lyndon B. Johnson · William C. Sullivan · +2
5
1963-10-10Attorney General Robert Kennedy Authorizes FBI Wiretapping of Martin Luther King Jr.
J. Edgar Hoover · Robert F. Kennedy · Martin Luther King Jr. · +2
5
1963-09-15KKK Bombs 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham Killing Four Young Girls
Ku Klux Klan · Robert Chambliss · Thomas Blanton · +2
5
1963-08-28March on Washington Draws 250,000 for Jobs and Freedom as MLK Delivers I Have a Dream Speech
Martin Luther King Jr. · Bayard Rustin · A. Philip Randolph · +2
5
1963-08-01Business-Industry Political Action Committee Founded as First Corporate PAC
Business-Industry Political Action Committee · National Association of Manufacturers · BIPAC
3
1963-05-03Bull Connor Orders Fire Hoses and Police Dogs Against Children in Birmingham Campaign
Bull Connor · Martin Luther King Jr. · James Bevel · +2
5
1962-12-31William Volker Fund Closes After Financing Chicago School and Mont Pelerin Society
William Volker Fund · Harold Luhnow · Hoover Institution · +7
10
1962-10-10Thalidomide Scandal Drives Kefauver-Harris Amendment Strengthening FDA Drug Safety Requirements
Senator Estes Kefauver · Representative Oren Harris · President John F. Kennedy · +3
6
1962-09-30Cesar Chavez Founds NFWA, Begins Farmworker Organizing Campaign
Cesar Chavez · Dolores Huerta · National Farm Workers Association · +1
4
1962-09-27Rachel Carson Publishes Silent Spring, Chemical Industry Launches Coordinated Attack Campaign
Rachel Carson · Monsanto · American Cyanamid · +2
5
1962-02-13King-Anderson Medicare Bill Defeated in Committee After Intense Corporate Lobbying
Cecil R. King · Clinton Anderson · John F. Kennedy · +6
9
1962-01-17Kennedy Executive Order 10988 Grants Federal Workers Collective Bargaining Rights
John F. Kennedy · American Federation of State County and Municipal Employees · Federal employees · +1
4
1962-01-01National Association of Manufacturers Establishes Defense Committee and Hires First Full-Time President
National Association of Manufacturers · Werner P. Gullander · National Defense Committee
3
1961-05-14Freedom Riders Firebombed in Anniston as Police Allow KKK Attack Without Intervention
Congress of Racial Equality · Bull Connor · Robert Kennedy · +2
5
1961-04-17Bay of Pigs Invasion Fails: CIA Proprietary Company Model Exposed in Catastrophic Covert Operation
CIA · Allen Dulles · Richard Bissell · +2
5
1961-01-17President Eisenhower's Farewell Address Warns Against Military-Industrial Complex
Dwight D. Eisenhower · Malcolm Moos · Ralph Williams · +1
4
1961-01-01AMA Launches Operation Coffee Cup with Reagan Recording to Defeat Medicare Through Grassroots Deception
American Medical Association · Ronald Reagan · Loyal Davis · +1
4
1960-05-06Civil Rights Act of 1960: Voting Referees and Criminal Penalties Still Prove Inadequate Against Southern Resistance
Dwight D. Eisenhower · U.S. Congress · Lyndon B. Johnson · +2
5
1960-02-01Greensboro Four Launch Sit-In Movement at Woolworth Lunch Counter Challenging Segregation
Ezell Blair Jr. · David Richmond · Franklin McCain · +2
5
1960-01-18Congressional Report Finds 1,400 Retired Military Officers Employed by Top Defense Contractors
F. Edward Hebert · House Armed Services Committee · General Dynamics · +1
4
1960-01-01U.S. Chamber of Commerce Reaches 2.5 Million Members Through Anti-Communist Mobilization
U.S. Chamber of Commerce · American Legion
2
1959-09-14Landrum-Griffin Act Imposes Federal Restrictions on Union Internal Operations
U.S. Congress · U.S. Department of Labor · Labor unions · +2
5
1959-06-26Prince Edward County Virginia Closes Entire Public School System for Five Years Rather Than Integrate
Prince Edward County Board of Supervisors · Virginia General Assembly · Harry Byrd
3
1959-06-02Prince Edward County Virginia Closes All Public Schools for Five Years Rather Than Integrate
Prince Edward County Board of Supervisors · Prince Edward County School Board · Virginia political establishment
3
1959-05-29Congress Passes NSA Act of 1959 (P.L. 86-36) Exempting NSA From Disclosure of Its Own Functions
86th Congress · Dwight D. Eisenhower · National Security Agency · +1
4
1959-01-01Congress Holds 25 Hearings on Pentagon Revolving Door, General Bradley Testifies Against Contractor Influence
U.S. Congress · General Omar Bradley · U.S. Department of Defense · +1
4
1958-12-05NAM Executive VP Charles Sligh Calls for Business Political Mobilization to Build Conservative Coalition
Charles R. Sligh Jr. · National Association of Manufacturers
2
1958-11-04AFL-CIO Defeats Right-to-Work Campaigns in Five of Six States, Major Democratic Resistance Victory
AFL-CIO · National Right to Work Committee · California voters · +5
8
1958-01-01CIA Funding Reaches 53.5% of European Movement Budget via ACUE: Intelligence-Driven Supranational Integration
CIA · Allen Dulles · William Donovan · +2
5
1958-01-01John M. Olin Foundation Begins Eight-Year Operation as Secret CIA Money Laundering Bank
John M. Olin Foundation · Central Intelligence Agency · John M. Olin
3
1957-09-24Eisenhower Sends Federal Troops to Little Rock After Governor Uses National Guard Against Integration
Orval Faubus · Dwight D. Eisenhower · Little Rock Nine · +2
5
1957-09-09Civil Rights Act of 1957: First Federal Voting Rights Law Since Reconstruction Passes Despite Southern Filibuster
Dwight D. Eisenhower · Lyndon B. Johnson · Strom Thurmond · +3
6
1957-07-08Hoover Formalizes "Official and Confidential" File System, Institutionalizing Personal Blackmail Infrastructure
J. Edgar Hoover · Helen Gandy · Clyde Tolson · +1
4
1957-06-17Yates v. United States Limits Smith Act Prosecutions, Supreme Court Begins Retreat from McCarthyism
Earl Warren · U.S. Supreme Court · Oleta O'Connor Yates · +2
5
1957-06-01MKULTRA Subproject 68 Funds Ewen Cameron Psychic Driving Experiments at McGill
Donald Ewen Cameron · Central Intelligence Agency · Sidney Gottlieb · +2
5
1957-03-01Indiana Passes Right-to-Work Law, So Unpopular It's Repealed Within Eight Years
Indiana General Assembly · Republican Party · Democratic Party · +2
5
1956-11-13Supreme Court Affirms Montgomery Bus Segregation Unconstitutional, Boycott Ends in Victory
Martin Luther King Jr. · Rosa Parks · E.D. Nixon · +4
7
1956-09-21Virginia Enacts Massive Resistance Laws Authorizing School Closures to Prevent Integration
Harry F. Byrd · Thomas Bahnson Stanley · Virginia General Assembly · +1
4
1956-08-28FBI Director Hoover Launches COINTELPRO to Target Communist Party and Domestic Dissent
J. Edgar Hoover · Federal Bureau of Investigation · Communist Party USA
3
1956-06-29Federal-Aid Highway Act Creates Interstate System, Enables Destruction of Black Urban Neighborhoods
Dwight D. Eisenhower · U.S. Congress · Bureau of Public Roads · +4
7
1956-03-29Mississippi Creates State Sovereignty Commission for Civil Rights Surveillance and Segregationist Funding
Mississippi Legislature · Ross Barnett · Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission · +1
4
1956-03-12Southern Manifesto Signed by 101 Congressmen Pledging Resistance to School Integration
Walter F. George · Harry F. Byrd · Strom Thurmond · +2
5
1956-02-06University of Alabama Expels Autherine Lucy After White Mob Violence, First Black Student Barred
Autherine Lucy · University of Alabama · NAACP Legal Defense Fund · +3
6
1956-01-01White Citizens Councils Reach Peak Membership of 300,000 Through Business Elite Coordination
White Citizens' Councils · Tom P. Brady · Ross Barnett · +2
5
1955-12-05AFL-CIO Merger Consolidates Labor Movement, But Cements Conservative Leadership
George Meany · Walter Reuther · American Federation of Labor · +2
5
1955-12-01Rosa Parks Arrested for Refusing to Give Up Bus Seat Sparking Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks · Martin Luther King Jr. · Montgomery Improvement Association · +2
5
1955-10-01CIA Operation Midnight Climax Begins Dosing Unwitting Americans with LSD in San Francisco Safe House
George Hunter White · Sidney Gottlieb · Central Intelligence Agency · +1
4
1955-08-28Emmett Till Murdered in Mississippi After Accusation from White Woman
Roy Bryant · J.W. Milam · Mamie Till · +1
4
1955-05-31Brown II Orders Desegregation with "All Deliberate Speed," Enabling Decade of Resistance
Earl Warren · U.S. Supreme Court · NAACP Legal Defense Fund · +2
5
1955-05-01Michigan State University Vietnam Advisory Group: CIA Officers Operate Under Academic Cover in Saigon
Wesley Fishel · Michigan State University · CIA · +1
4
1955-01-01National Right to Work Committee Founded to Coordinate Anti-Union Corporate Lobbying
Fred A. Hartley · National Right to Work Committee · Corporate funders · +1
4
1954-12-02Senate Votes 67-22 to Censure Joseph McCarthy Ending Four Years of Terror
Joseph McCarthy · Ralph Flanders · Arthur Watkins · +1
4
1954-09-01Communist Control Act Bans Party Members from Union Leadership, Weaponizing Anti-Communism Against Labor
U.S. Congress · Dwight D. Eisenhower · House Un-American Activities Committee · +2
5
1954-08-02Housing Act of 1954 Expands Urban Renewal, Intensifies Destruction of Black Communities
Dwight D. Eisenhower · U.S. Congress · Urban Renewal Administration · +2
5
1954-07-11White Citizens' Councils Founded With Business Elite Backing to Resist Integration
Robert B. Patterson · Tom P. Brady · White Citizens' Councils · +2
5
1954-06-27CIA Operation PBSUCCESS Overthrows Guatemalan Democracy, Protects United Fruit Company Interests
Central Intelligence Agency · Allen Dulles · John Foster Dulles · +5
8
1954-06-17Operation Wetback Mass Deportation Uses Military Tactics, Human Rights Violations
Dwight D. Eisenhower · Joseph May Swing · Herbert Brownell · +1
4
1954-06-09Joseph Welch Confronts McCarthy with Have You No Sense of Decency in Army Hearings
Joseph Welch · Joseph McCarthy · Roy Cohn · +1
4
1954-05-17Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court Decision Declares School Segregation Unconstitutional
Earl Warren · Thurgood Marshall · NAACP Legal Defense Fund · +1
4
1954-04-22Army-McCarthy Hearings Begin as Military Charges Senator with Improper Pressure for Aide
Joseph McCarthy · Roy Cohn · Robert Stevens · +4
7
1954-04-12AEC Security Hearing Against Oppenheimer Begins Targeting Manhattan Project Director
J. Robert Oppenheimer · Lewis Strauss · Gordon Gray · +2
5
1954-02-26Bricker Amendment Fails by One Vote, Conservative Attempt to Limit Treaty Power Defeated
John Bricker · Dwight D. Eisenhower · American Bar Association · +3
6
1954-01-01Eisenhower Convenes Business Leaders to Create Public Affairs Council for Political Mobilization
Dwight D. Eisenhower · Public Affairs Council · Effective Citizens Organization
3
1954-01-01Union Membership Reaches Peak of 35% of Workforce, Enabling Shared Prosperity
American workers · AFL-CIO · United Auto Workers · +2
5
1953-10-30Eisenhower Approves New Look Defense Policy - Cuts Military Budget by One-Third Despite Pentagon Resistance
Dwight D. Eisenhower · John Foster Dulles · Robert B. Carney · +2
5
1953-08-19CIA Operation Ajax Overthrows Democratic Iranian Government, Installs Shah Dictatorship
Central Intelligence Agency · Kermit Roosevelt Jr. · Allen Dulles · +6
9
1953-08-13Eisenhower Executive Order 10479 Creates Committee on Government Contracts, Weak Anti-Discrimination Enforcement
Dwight D. Eisenhower · Richard Nixon · Government Contract Committee · +1
4
1953-06-19Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Executed at Sing Sing, Cold War's Most Controversial Death Penalty Case
Julius Rosenberg · Ethel Rosenberg · Roy Cohn · +5
8
1953-04-16Eisenhower's "Chance for Peace" Speech - Every Gun Made Is a Theft From Those Who Hunger
Dwight D. Eisenhower
1
1953-04-13CIA MKULTRA Project Officially Begins
Central Intelligence Agency · Allen Dulles · Sidney Gottlieb
3
1953-02-09Roy Cohn Establishes Blackmail and Intimidation Network
Roy Cohn · Joseph McCarthy · J. Edgar Hoover · +2
5
1953-01-28Charles Wilson Confirmed Defense Secretary After "Good for General Motors" Controversy Reveals Corporate-State Fusion
Charles Erwin Wilson · Dwight D. Eisenhower · General Motors · +2
5
1953-01-01FCC Adopts Seven-Station Rule Limiting Broadcast Ownership to Prevent Media Monopoly and Ensure Viewpoint Diversity
Federal Communications Commission
1
1953-01-01Operation Mockingbird: CIA Cultivates Hundreds of Journalists at Major American Outlets
CIA · Frank Wisner · Cord Meyer · +2
5
1952-11-04Truman Creates National Security Agency by Classified Directive, Existence Classified for 23 Years
Harry S. Truman · Ralph Canine · National Security Agency · +1
4
1952-06-27McCarran-Walter Act Imposes Racialized Immigration Quotas Over Truman Veto - 85% for Europeans
Pat McCarran · Francis E. Walter · Harry S. Truman · +2
5
1952-06-02Youngstown Sheet & Tube v. Sawyer: Supreme Court Strikes Steel Seizure; Jackson Concurrence Becomes Canonical Executive-Power Framework
U.S. Supreme Court · Hugo Black · Robert H. Jackson · +5
8
1952-04-08Truman Issues Executive Order 10340 Seizing Nation's Steel Mills; Sets Up Steel Seizure Case
Harry S. Truman · Charles Sawyer · United Steelworkers of America · +2
5
1952-01-01Hollywood Blacklist Reaches Peak with Over 300 Industry Professionals Banned
Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals · Studio executives · House Un-American Activities Committee · +3
6
1951-12-06Truman Commissions Brownell Committee to Investigate AFSA Failure, Blueprint for NSA Created
Harry S. Truman · George Brownell · Armed Forces Security Agency · +1
4
1951-08-01Electric Boat Awarded Contract for First Nuclear Submarine USS Nautilus, Launching General Dynamics
Electric Boat · General Dynamics Corporation · John Jay Hopkins · +2
5
1951-06-04Dennis v. United States Supreme Court Upholds Smith Act Convictions, Criminalizes Political Advocacy
Fred Vinson · U.S. Supreme Court · Eugene Dennis · +2
5
1951-04-01Hollywood Ten Released from Prison but Remain Blacklisted, Industry Persecution Continues
Hollywood Ten · Dalton Trumbo · Ring Lardner Jr. · +3
6
1951-03-29Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Convicted of Espionage in Controversial Red Scare Trial
Julius Rosenberg · Ethel Rosenberg · David Greenglass · +3
6
1951-03-12Kefauver Committee Televised Hearings Draw 30 Million Viewers - Organized Crime Exposed
Estes Kefauver · U.S. Senate · Frank Costello · +1
4
1951-01-01CIA Begins Systematic University Funding Through Front Foundations: Academic Capture at Scale
CIA · Allen Dulles · MIT · +3
6